2024-03-28T16:08:55Zhttps://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace-oai/requestoai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/389352022-11-17T02:08:08Zhdl_2115_20056hdl_2115_147Measurements and modelling of the water : ice heat flux in natural watersShirasawa, KunioLeppäranta, MattiKawamura, ToshiyukiIshikawa, MasaoTakatsuka, Toruheat flux from waterfloating icegrowthmeltingmeasurements452Ice in natural waters grows and decays as forced by the fluxes through the upper and lower boundaries. In particular, the flux at the lower boundary -- i.e. the heat flux from the liquid water body into the bottom of the ice sheet -- is not very well known quantity. This question is approached by measurements and mathematical modelling. The data are from Saroma-ko lagoon, a saline lake on the northern coast of Hokkaido, and Lake Pääjärvi, a fresh water basin in southern Finland. Three-dimensional current velocity, temperature and salinity were measured at a fixed depth, and the resulting heat flux was normally 5-10 W/m2 in both basins, a bit more in Saroma. But even in Lake Pääjävi, which is a rather quiet water body in wintertime (total ice coverage with very weak currents) the heat flux from the water is important in the heat budget of the ice sheet. A three-layer (snow/snow-ice/congelation ice) model is used to examine the evolution of ice thickness and temperature.IAHRConference Paperapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/2115/38935https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/38935/1/18IAHR2006_s84.pdfProceedings of the 18th IAHR International Symposium on Ice185912006engpublisher