2024-03-28T08:56:49Zhttps://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace-oai/requestoai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/788532022-11-17T02:08:08Zhdl_2115_20046hdl_2115_138The rare earth element (REE) lanthanum (La) induces hormesis in plantsAgathokleous, EvgeniosKitao, MitsutoshiCalabrese, Edward J.Dose-responseHormesisLanthanumRisk assessmentU-shape curve439Lanthanum is a rare earth element (REE) which has been extensively studied due to its wide application in numerous fields with a potential accumulation in the environment. It has long been known for its potential to stimulate plant growth within a hormetic-biphasic dose response framework. This article provides evidence from a series of high resolution studies published within the last two decades demonstrating a substantial and significant occurrence of lanthanum-induced hormesis in plants. These findings suggest that hormetic responses should be built into the study design of hazard assessment study protocols and included in the risk assessment process. Hormesis also offers the opportunity to substantially improve cost benefit estimates for environmental contaminants, which have the potential to induce beneficial/desirable effects at low doses. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ElsevierJournal Articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/2115/78853https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/78853/1/Manuscript2-1.pdf0269-7491Environmental pollution238104410472018-07enginfo:doi/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.068© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/author