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http://hdl.handle.net/2115/136
2024-03-28T10:01:26ZThe canonical smooth muscle cell marker TAGLN is present in endothelial cells and is involved in angiogenesis
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90462
Title: The canonical smooth muscle cell marker TAGLN is present in endothelial cells and is involved in angiogenesis
Authors: Tsuji-Tamura, Kiyomi; Morino-Koga, Saori; Suzuki, Shingo; Ogawa, Minetaro
Abstract: Elongation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is an important process in angiogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The actin-crosslinking protein TAGLN (transgelin, also known as SM22 or SM22α) is abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and is widely used as a canonical marker for this cell type. In the course of studies using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying an Tagln promoter-driven fluorescence marker, we noticed activation of the Tagln promoter during EC elongation. Tagln promoter activation co-occurred with EC elongation in response to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt signaling and mTORC1 also induced EC elongation and Tagln promoter activation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) elongated, activated the TAGLN promoter and increased TAGLN transcripts in an angiogenesis model. Genetic disruption of TAGLN augmented angiogenic behaviors of HUVECs, as did the disruption of TAGLN2 and TAGLN3 genes. Tagln expression was found in ECs in mouse embryos. Our results identify TAGLN as a putative regulator of angiogenesis whose expression is activated in elongating ECs. This finding provides insight into the cytoskeletal regulation of EC elongation and an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of angiogenesis.2021-08-01T15:00:00ZTsuji-Tamura, KiyomiMorino-Koga, SaoriSuzuki, ShingoOgawa, MinetaroElongation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is an important process in angiogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The actin-crosslinking protein TAGLN (transgelin, also known as SM22 or SM22α) is abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and is widely used as a canonical marker for this cell type. In the course of studies using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying an Tagln promoter-driven fluorescence marker, we noticed activation of the Tagln promoter during EC elongation. Tagln promoter activation co-occurred with EC elongation in response to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt signaling and mTORC1 also induced EC elongation and Tagln promoter activation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) elongated, activated the TAGLN promoter and increased TAGLN transcripts in an angiogenesis model. Genetic disruption of TAGLN augmented angiogenic behaviors of HUVECs, as did the disruption of TAGLN2 and TAGLN3 genes. Tagln expression was found in ECs in mouse embryos. Our results identify TAGLN as a putative regulator of angiogenesis whose expression is activated in elongating ECs. This finding provides insight into the cytoskeletal regulation of EC elongation and an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of angiogenesis.FOXO1 promotes endothelial cell elongation and angiogenesis by up-regulating the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90431
Title: FOXO1 promotes endothelial cell elongation and angiogenesis by up-regulating the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2
Authors: Tsuji-Tamura, Kiyomi; Ogawa, Minetaro
Abstract: The forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is an important transcription factor related to proliferation, metabolism, and homeostasis, while the major phenotype of FOXO1-null mice is abnormal vascular morphology, such as vessel enlargement and dilation. In in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-differentiation system, Foxo1(-/-) vascular endothelial cells (ECs) fail to elongate, and mimic the abnormalities of FOXO1-deficiency in vivo. Here, we identified the PPP1R14C gene as the FOXO1 target genes responsible for elongating using transcriptome analyses in ESC-derived ECs (ESC-ECs), and found that the FOXO1-PPP1R14C-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) axis is required for EC elongation during angiogenesis. MLC2 is phosphorylated by MLC kinase (MLCK) and dephosphorylated by MLC phosphatase (MLCP). PPP1R14C is an inhibitor of PP1, the catalytic subunit of MLCP. The abnormal morphology of Foxo1(-/-) ESC-ECs was associated with low level of PPP1R14C and loss of MLC2 phosphorylation, which were reversed by PPP1R14C-introduction. Knockdown of either FOXO1 or PPP1R14C suppressed vascular cord formation and reduced MLC2 phosphorylation in human ECs (HUVECs). The mouse and human PPP1R14C locus possesses an enhancer element containing conserved FOXO1-binding motifs. In vivo chemical inhibition of MLC2 phosphorylation caused dilated vascular structures in mouse embryos. Furthermore, foxo1 or ppp1r14c-knockdown zebrafish exhibited vascular malformations, which were also restored by PPP1R14C-introduction. Mechanistically, FOXO1 suppressed MLCP activity by up-regulating PPP1R14C expression, thereby promoting MLC2 phosphorylation and EC elongation, which are necessary for vascular development. Given the importance of MLC2 phosphorylation in cell morphogenesis, this study may provide novel insights into the role of FOXO1 in control of angiogenesis.
Description: メタデータ先行公開2023-07-23T15:00:00ZTsuji-Tamura, KiyomiOgawa, MinetaroThe forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is an important transcription factor related to proliferation, metabolism, and homeostasis, while the major phenotype of FOXO1-null mice is abnormal vascular morphology, such as vessel enlargement and dilation. In in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-differentiation system, Foxo1(-/-) vascular endothelial cells (ECs) fail to elongate, and mimic the abnormalities of FOXO1-deficiency in vivo. Here, we identified the PPP1R14C gene as the FOXO1 target genes responsible for elongating using transcriptome analyses in ESC-derived ECs (ESC-ECs), and found that the FOXO1-PPP1R14C-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) axis is required for EC elongation during angiogenesis. MLC2 is phosphorylated by MLC kinase (MLCK) and dephosphorylated by MLC phosphatase (MLCP). PPP1R14C is an inhibitor of PP1, the catalytic subunit of MLCP. The abnormal morphology of Foxo1(-/-) ESC-ECs was associated with low level of PPP1R14C and loss of MLC2 phosphorylation, which were reversed by PPP1R14C-introduction. Knockdown of either FOXO1 or PPP1R14C suppressed vascular cord formation and reduced MLC2 phosphorylation in human ECs (HUVECs). The mouse and human PPP1R14C locus possesses an enhancer element containing conserved FOXO1-binding motifs. In vivo chemical inhibition of MLC2 phosphorylation caused dilated vascular structures in mouse embryos. Furthermore, foxo1 or ppp1r14c-knockdown zebrafish exhibited vascular malformations, which were also restored by PPP1R14C-introduction. Mechanistically, FOXO1 suppressed MLCP activity by up-regulating PPP1R14C expression, thereby promoting MLC2 phosphorylation and EC elongation, which are necessary for vascular development. Given the importance of MLC2 phosphorylation in cell morphogenesis, this study may provide novel insights into the role of FOXO1 in control of angiogenesis.Histochemical examination of blood vessels in murine femora with intermittent PTH administration
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90422
Title: Histochemical examination of blood vessels in murine femora with intermittent PTH administration
Authors: Maruoka, Haruhi; Zhao, Shen; Yoshino, Hirona; Abe, Miki; Yamamoto, Tomomaya; Hongo, Hiromi; Haraguchi-Kitakamae, Mai; Nasoori, Alireza; Ishizu, Hotaka; Nakajima, Yuhi; Omaki, Masayuki; Shimizu, Tomohiro; Iwasaki, Norimasa; de Freitas, Paulo Henrique Luiz; Li, Minqi; Hasegawa, Tomoka
Abstract: Objective: To verify the biological effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the blood vessels in the bone, this study aimed to investigate histological alterations in endomucin-positive blood vessels and perivascular cells in murine femora after intermittent PTH administration. For comparison with blood vessels in the bone, we examined the distribution of endomucin-positive blood vessels and surrounding aSMAimmunoreactive perivascular cells in the liver, kidney, and aorta with or without PTH administration. Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received hPTH [1-34] or vehicle for two weeks. All mice were fixed with a paraformaldehyde solution after euthanasia, and the right femora, kidney, liver, and aorta were extracted for immunohistochemical analysis of endomucin, aSMA, ephrinB2, EphB4, and HIF1a. Light microscopic observations of semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of ultra-thin sections were performed on the left femora. Results: After intermittent PTH administration, aSMA-reactive/ephrinB2-positive stromal cells appeared around endomucin-positive/EphB4-immunoreactive blood vessels in the bone. In addition, intense immunoreactivities of EphB4 and HIF1a were seen in vascular endothelial cells after the PTH treatment. Several stromal cells surrounding PTH-treated blood vessels exhibited well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum under TEM observations. In contrast to bone tissues, aSMA-positive stromal cells did not increase around the endomucin-positive blood vessels in the kidney, liver, or aorta, even after PTH administration. Conclusion: These findings show that intermittent PTH administration increases aSMA-reactive/ephrinB2-positive perivascular stromal cells in bone tissue but not in the kidney, liver, or aorta, suggesting that PTH preferentially affects blood vessels in the bone. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Japanese Association for Oral Biology.2022-09-18T15:00:00ZMaruoka, HaruhiZhao, ShenYoshino, HironaAbe, MikiYamamoto, TomomayaHongo, HiromiHaraguchi-Kitakamae, MaiNasoori, AlirezaIshizu, HotakaNakajima, YuhiOmaki, MasayukiShimizu, TomohiroIwasaki, Norimasade Freitas, Paulo Henrique LuizLi, MinqiHasegawa, TomokaObjective: To verify the biological effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the blood vessels in the bone, this study aimed to investigate histological alterations in endomucin-positive blood vessels and perivascular cells in murine femora after intermittent PTH administration. For comparison with blood vessels in the bone, we examined the distribution of endomucin-positive blood vessels and surrounding aSMAimmunoreactive perivascular cells in the liver, kidney, and aorta with or without PTH administration. Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received hPTH [1-34] or vehicle for two weeks. All mice were fixed with a paraformaldehyde solution after euthanasia, and the right femora, kidney, liver, and aorta were extracted for immunohistochemical analysis of endomucin, aSMA, ephrinB2, EphB4, and HIF1a. Light microscopic observations of semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of ultra-thin sections were performed on the left femora. Results: After intermittent PTH administration, aSMA-reactive/ephrinB2-positive stromal cells appeared around endomucin-positive/EphB4-immunoreactive blood vessels in the bone. In addition, intense immunoreactivities of EphB4 and HIF1a were seen in vascular endothelial cells after the PTH treatment. Several stromal cells surrounding PTH-treated blood vessels exhibited well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum under TEM observations. In contrast to bone tissues, aSMA-positive stromal cells did not increase around the endomucin-positive blood vessels in the kidney, liver, or aorta, even after PTH administration. Conclusion: These findings show that intermittent PTH administration increases aSMA-reactive/ephrinB2-positive perivascular stromal cells in bone tissue but not in the kidney, liver, or aorta, suggesting that PTH preferentially affects blood vessels in the bone. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Japanese Association for Oral Biology.Morphological variety of capillary ends invading the epiphyseal plate in rat femora using scanning electron microscopy with osmium maceration
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90421
Title: Morphological variety of capillary ends invading the epiphyseal plate in rat femora using scanning electron microscopy with osmium maceration
Authors: Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki; Takahashi, Shigeru; Hasegawa, Tomoka; Hongo, Hiromi; Amizuka, Norio
Abstract: Objectives: The function of capillary ends at the epiphyseal plate has been actively investigated. However, their morphology is still poorly understood. This study was designed to examine the capillary ends invading the epiphyseal plate three-dimensionally by scanning electron microscopy and discuss the relationship between their morphology and function. Methods: Distal halves of the femora of eight-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The specimens were divided into two groups for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. For transmission electron microscopy, sagittal ultrathin sections were routinely prepared after the demineralization of the specimens, and the chondro-osseous junction was examined at the epiphyseal plate. For scanning electron microscopy, the specimens were sagittally freeze-cracked, osmium-macerated, and routinely processed. Results: Endothelial cells of capillary ends had fine fenestrations, and hence they were distinguishable from perivascular cells (also known as septoclasts). Based on the outline and the presence or absence of pores, the capillary ends were divided into four types: closed dome, closed spire, porous dome, and porous spire. The two dome types generally occupied more than half of a lacuna, whereas the two spire types generally occupied only a small part of a lacuna. The porous types engulfed cellular remnants, indicative of degraded chondrocytes, via their pores. Some of the spire types penetrated the transverse septum. Conclusions: The morphological variety of capillary ends reflected their functional variety. Observations suggest that the capillary ends change their morphology dynamically in response to various functions, including the removal of degraded chondrocytes and perforation of transverse septa. (c) 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.2022-08-31T15:00:00ZYamamoto, TsuneyukiTakahashi, ShigeruHasegawa, TomokaHongo, HiromiAmizuka, NorioObjectives: The function of capillary ends at the epiphyseal plate has been actively investigated. However, their morphology is still poorly understood. This study was designed to examine the capillary ends invading the epiphyseal plate three-dimensionally by scanning electron microscopy and discuss the relationship between their morphology and function. Methods: Distal halves of the femora of eight-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The specimens were divided into two groups for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. For transmission electron microscopy, sagittal ultrathin sections were routinely prepared after the demineralization of the specimens, and the chondro-osseous junction was examined at the epiphyseal plate. For scanning electron microscopy, the specimens were sagittally freeze-cracked, osmium-macerated, and routinely processed. Results: Endothelial cells of capillary ends had fine fenestrations, and hence they were distinguishable from perivascular cells (also known as septoclasts). Based on the outline and the presence or absence of pores, the capillary ends were divided into four types: closed dome, closed spire, porous dome, and porous spire. The two dome types generally occupied more than half of a lacuna, whereas the two spire types generally occupied only a small part of a lacuna. The porous types engulfed cellular remnants, indicative of degraded chondrocytes, via their pores. Some of the spire types penetrated the transverse septum. Conclusions: The morphological variety of capillary ends reflected their functional variety. Observations suggest that the capillary ends change their morphology dynamically in response to various functions, including the removal of degraded chondrocytes and perforation of transverse septa. (c) 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and a-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in murine nasal conchae
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90420
Title: Immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and a-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in murine nasal conchae
Authors: Maruoka, Haruhi; Hasegawa, Tomoka; Yoshino, Hirona; Abe, Miki; Haraguchi-Kitakamae, Mai; Yamamoto, Tomomaya; Hongo, Hiromi; Nakanishi, Ko; Nasoori, Alireza; Nakajima, Yuhi; Omaki, Masayuki; Sato, Yoshiaki; Luiz de Freitas, Paulo Henrique; Li, Minqi
Abstract: Objectives: Recently, the biological functions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and closely associated aSMA-positive cells in long bones have been highlighted. The surrounding tissues of the flat bones, such as nasal bones covered with mucosa and lamina propria, are different from those of the long bones, indicating the different distributions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and aSMA-reactive cells in nasal bones. This study demonstrates the immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and aSMA-positive cells in the nasal conchae of 3- and 7-week-old mice. Methods: The nasal conchae of 3-week-old and 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used for immunoreaction of endomucin, CD34, PDGFbb, TRAP, and c-kit. Results: While we identified abundant endomucin-reactive blood vessels in the lamina propria neighboring the bone, not all were positive for endomucin. More CD34-reactive cells and small blood vessels were observed in the nasal conchae of 3-week-old mice than in those of 7-week-old mice. Some aSMApositive cells in the nasal conchae surrounded the blood vessels, indicating vascular smooth muscle cells, while other aSMA-immunopositive fibroblastic cells were detected throughout the lamina propria. aSMA-positive cells did not co-localize with c-kit-immunoreactivity, thereby indicating that the aSMApositive cells may be myofibroblasts rather than undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Conclusions: Unlike long bones, nasal conchae contain endomucin-positive as well as endomucinnegative blood vessels and exhibit numerous aSMA-positive fibroblastic cells throughout the lamina propria neighboring the bone. Apparently, the distribution patterns of endomucin-positive blood vessels and aSMA-positive cells in nasal conchae are different from those in long bones. (c) 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.2022-09-18T15:00:00ZMaruoka, HaruhiHasegawa, TomokaYoshino, HironaAbe, MikiHaraguchi-Kitakamae, MaiYamamoto, TomomayaHongo, HiromiNakanishi, KoNasoori, AlirezaNakajima, YuhiOmaki, MasayukiSato, YoshiakiLuiz de Freitas, Paulo HenriqueLi, MinqiObjectives: Recently, the biological functions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and closely associated aSMA-positive cells in long bones have been highlighted. The surrounding tissues of the flat bones, such as nasal bones covered with mucosa and lamina propria, are different from those of the long bones, indicating the different distributions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and aSMA-reactive cells in nasal bones. This study demonstrates the immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and aSMA-positive cells in the nasal conchae of 3- and 7-week-old mice. Methods: The nasal conchae of 3-week-old and 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used for immunoreaction of endomucin, CD34, PDGFbb, TRAP, and c-kit. Results: While we identified abundant endomucin-reactive blood vessels in the lamina propria neighboring the bone, not all were positive for endomucin. More CD34-reactive cells and small blood vessels were observed in the nasal conchae of 3-week-old mice than in those of 7-week-old mice. Some aSMApositive cells in the nasal conchae surrounded the blood vessels, indicating vascular smooth muscle cells, while other aSMA-immunopositive fibroblastic cells were detected throughout the lamina propria. aSMA-positive cells did not co-localize with c-kit-immunoreactivity, thereby indicating that the aSMApositive cells may be myofibroblasts rather than undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Conclusions: Unlike long bones, nasal conchae contain endomucin-positive as well as endomucinnegative blood vessels and exhibit numerous aSMA-positive fibroblastic cells throughout the lamina propria neighboring the bone. Apparently, the distribution patterns of endomucin-positive blood vessels and aSMA-positive cells in nasal conchae are different from those in long bones. (c) 2022 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Extracted tissue-specific atelocollagens have distinctive textural properties
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/90419
Title: Extracted tissue-specific atelocollagens have distinctive textural properties
Authors: Nakamura, Sayaka; Hoshi, Hiroko; Wakabayashi, Kaito; Seki, Manami; Watanabe, Makoto; Watanabe, Momoka; Inaba, Hiroki; Ushijima, Natsumi; Akasaka, Tsukasa
Abstract: Food texture is a very important factor for elderly persons, children, and patients who have difficulty swallowing. Collagen and its hydrolysis product, gelatin, are used as ingredients in foods, dietary supplements, and medical materials. In this study, we extracted atelocollagen from nonedible porcine tissues, including ear, nose, and skin, and analyzed the biophysical properties of each tissue. Extracted whole auricle collagen (AEC) showed superior springiness, while only the skin region of auricle collagen (ASC) showed superior hardness, springiness, and brittleness. Body skin collagen showed high hardness but low springiness. In a shear stress test, ASC gels showed high shear strength, and their strains coincided with hardness in a textural examination, while nose and AEC showed low maximum strains. In viscosity, the auricular collagens showed higher viscosity regardless of the region of the ear. Fibril formation in collagen from each tissue and organ varied a great deal in width and morphology. We found that the same type of collagen had a unique texture and viscosity under physiological conditions depending on the tissue or organ of extraction. The results show that the collagen extracted from each organ has a unique texture and unique possibilities to serve as an ingredient in food or supplements.2022-08-25T15:00:00ZNakamura, SayakaHoshi, HirokoWakabayashi, KaitoSeki, ManamiWatanabe, MakotoWatanabe, MomokaInaba, HirokiUshijima, NatsumiAkasaka, TsukasaFood texture is a very important factor for elderly persons, children, and patients who have difficulty swallowing. Collagen and its hydrolysis product, gelatin, are used as ingredients in foods, dietary supplements, and medical materials. In this study, we extracted atelocollagen from nonedible porcine tissues, including ear, nose, and skin, and analyzed the biophysical properties of each tissue. Extracted whole auricle collagen (AEC) showed superior springiness, while only the skin region of auricle collagen (ASC) showed superior hardness, springiness, and brittleness. Body skin collagen showed high hardness but low springiness. In a shear stress test, ASC gels showed high shear strength, and their strains coincided with hardness in a textural examination, while nose and AEC showed low maximum strains. In viscosity, the auricular collagens showed higher viscosity regardless of the region of the ear. Fibril formation in collagen from each tissue and organ varied a great deal in width and morphology. We found that the same type of collagen had a unique texture and viscosity under physiological conditions depending on the tissue or organ of extraction. The results show that the collagen extracted from each organ has a unique texture and unique possibilities to serve as an ingredient in food or supplements.Direct pulp capping procedures-Evidence and practice
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/89032
Title: Direct pulp capping procedures-Evidence and practice
Authors: Islam, Rafiqul; Islam, Md Refat Readul; Tanaka, Toru; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed; Ahmed, Hany Mohamed Aly; Sano, Hidehiko
Abstract: The aim of direct pulp capping (DPC) is to promote pulp healing and mineralized tissue barrier formation by placing a dental biomaterial directly over the exposed pulp. Successful application of this approach avoids the need for further and more extensive treatment. In order to ensure a complete pulp healing with the placement of restorative materials, a mineralized tissue barrier must form to protect the pulp from mi-crobial invasion. The formation of mineralized tissue barrier can only be induced when there is a significant reduction in pulp inflammation and infection. Consequently, promoting the healing of pulp inflammation may provide a favorable therapeutic opportunity to maintain the sustainability of DPC treatment. Mineralized tissue formation was observed as the favorable reaction of exposed pulp tissue against a variety of dental biomaterials utilized for DPC. This observation reveals an intrinsic capacity of pulp tissue for healing. Therefore, this review focuses on the DPC and its healing procedure as well as the materials used for DPC treatment and their mechanisms of action to promote pulpal healing. In addition, the factors that can affect the healing process of DPC, clinical considerations and future perspective has been described.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Japanese Association for Dental Science. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/license/by-ac-nd/4.0/).2023-02-25T15:00:00ZIslam, RafiqulIslam, Md Refat ReadulTanaka, ToruAlam, Mohammad KhursheedAhmed, Hany Mohamed AlySano, HidehikoThe aim of direct pulp capping (DPC) is to promote pulp healing and mineralized tissue barrier formation by placing a dental biomaterial directly over the exposed pulp. Successful application of this approach avoids the need for further and more extensive treatment. In order to ensure a complete pulp healing with the placement of restorative materials, a mineralized tissue barrier must form to protect the pulp from mi-crobial invasion. The formation of mineralized tissue barrier can only be induced when there is a significant reduction in pulp inflammation and infection. Consequently, promoting the healing of pulp inflammation may provide a favorable therapeutic opportunity to maintain the sustainability of DPC treatment. Mineralized tissue formation was observed as the favorable reaction of exposed pulp tissue against a variety of dental biomaterials utilized for DPC. This observation reveals an intrinsic capacity of pulp tissue for healing. Therefore, this review focuses on the DPC and its healing procedure as well as the materials used for DPC treatment and their mechanisms of action to promote pulpal healing. In addition, the factors that can affect the healing process of DPC, clinical considerations and future perspective has been described.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Japanese Association for Dental Science. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/license/by-ac-nd/4.0/).Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/89031
Title: Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid
Authors: Oguma, Hidetoshi; Matsuda, Yasuhiro; Yoshihara, Kumiko; Okuyama, Katsushi; Sakurai, Masahiko; Saito, Takashi; Inoue, Satoshi; Yoshida, Yasuhiro
Abstract: Certain dentin hypersensitivity treatment materials include oxalic acid to coat dentin surfaces with minerals, while certain organic acids possess a remineralization effect. Herein, an organic acid that inhibits the demineralization and coating of root surfaces was evaluated. Specimens were produced using five non-carious extracted bovines. Four different acids were used: oxalic acid (OA), malonic acid (MA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and succinic acid (SA). Each acid was applied to the root surface and washed using distilled water or a remineralization solution, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the surfaces of each specimen, barring the polished surface, were covered with wax and immersed in an automatic pH cycling system for two weeks. Dentin demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR) before and after pH cycling. SEM analysis demonstrated that the three acid groups demineralized the dentin surface, whereas the OA group generated crystals covering the dentin surface, even in a distilled water environment. TMR analysis revealed that the OA groups showed significantly lower integrated mineral loss compared with the other groups, even in the distilled water environment. The results suggest that OA generates insoluble calcium oxalate crystals on the dentin and suppresses demineralization even under low saliva conditions.2023-02-08T15:00:00ZOguma, HidetoshiMatsuda, YasuhiroYoshihara, KumikoOkuyama, KatsushiSakurai, MasahikoSaito, TakashiInoue, SatoshiYoshida, YasuhiroCertain dentin hypersensitivity treatment materials include oxalic acid to coat dentin surfaces with minerals, while certain organic acids possess a remineralization effect. Herein, an organic acid that inhibits the demineralization and coating of root surfaces was evaluated. Specimens were produced using five non-carious extracted bovines. Four different acids were used: oxalic acid (OA), malonic acid (MA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and succinic acid (SA). Each acid was applied to the root surface and washed using distilled water or a remineralization solution, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the surfaces of each specimen, barring the polished surface, were covered with wax and immersed in an automatic pH cycling system for two weeks. Dentin demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR) before and after pH cycling. SEM analysis demonstrated that the three acid groups demineralized the dentin surface, whereas the OA group generated crystals covering the dentin surface, even in a distilled water environment. TMR analysis revealed that the OA groups showed significantly lower integrated mineral loss compared with the other groups, even in the distilled water environment. The results suggest that OA generates insoluble calcium oxalate crystals on the dentin and suppresses demineralization even under low saliva conditions.Factors Associated with Food Form in Long-Term Care Insurance Facilities
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/89000
Title: Factors Associated with Food Form in Long-Term Care Insurance Facilities
Authors: Takeda, Maaya; Okada, Kazutaka; Kondo, Miyako; Taira, Kenshu; Watanabe, Yutaka; Ito, Kayoko; Nakajima, Junko; Ozaki, Yoshie; Sasaki, Rikimaru; Nishi, Yasuhiro; Furuya, Junichi; Akino, Kenichi; Ohta, Hiromi; Ohno, Tomohisa; Kodama, Tsuyoshi; Sakaguchi, Hideo; Hanagata, Tetsuo; Sato, Yuji; Yoshida, Mitsuyoshi; Yamazaki, Yutaka
Abstract: We examined factors related to dietary intake status (food form) of long-term care facility (LTCF) residents to identify factors related to proper food form choice for older individuals requiring nursing care. We surveyed 888 residents from 37 LTCFs in Japan. We evaluated basic information (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), food form (swallowing-adjusted diet class), Barthel Index (BI), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), simply evaluated eating and swallowing functions, the number of present/functional teeth, oral diadochokinesis, repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), and modified water swallowing test. To clarify factors associated with food form, participants who had good nutrition by oral intake were categorized into the dysphagic diet (DD) and normal diet (ND) groups. Multi-level analyses were used to detect oral functions associated with food form status. Among objective assessments, BMI (odds ratio [OR] 0.979, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.022- to 0.006, p = 0.001), BI (OR 0.993, 95% CI - 0.007 to - 0.004, p < 0.001), CDR 3.0 (OR 1.002, 95% CI 0.002-0.236, p = 0.046), present teeth (OR 0.993, 95% CI - 0.007 to - 0.001, p = 0.011), functional teeth (OR 0.989, 95% CI - 0.011 to - 0.005, p < 0.001), and RSST (OR 0.960, 95% CI - 0.041 to - 0.007, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with DD vs ND discrimination. Simple evaluations of coughing (OR 1.056, 0.054-0.198, p = 0.001) and rinsing (OR 1.010, 0.010-0.174, p = 0.029) could also discriminate food form status. These simple evaluations provide insight into the discrepancies between food form status and eating abilities of LTCF residents. Periodic evaluations by the nursing caregiver may help to prevent aspiration by older individuals with dysphagia.2022-04-11T15:00:00ZTakeda, MaayaOkada, KazutakaKondo, MiyakoTaira, KenshuWatanabe, YutakaIto, KayokoNakajima, JunkoOzaki, YoshieSasaki, RikimaruNishi, YasuhiroFuruya, JunichiAkino, KenichiOhta, HiromiOhno, TomohisaKodama, TsuyoshiSakaguchi, HideoHanagata, TetsuoSato, YujiYoshida, MitsuyoshiYamazaki, YutakaWe examined factors related to dietary intake status (food form) of long-term care facility (LTCF) residents to identify factors related to proper food form choice for older individuals requiring nursing care. We surveyed 888 residents from 37 LTCFs in Japan. We evaluated basic information (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), food form (swallowing-adjusted diet class), Barthel Index (BI), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), simply evaluated eating and swallowing functions, the number of present/functional teeth, oral diadochokinesis, repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), and modified water swallowing test. To clarify factors associated with food form, participants who had good nutrition by oral intake were categorized into the dysphagic diet (DD) and normal diet (ND) groups. Multi-level analyses were used to detect oral functions associated with food form status. Among objective assessments, BMI (odds ratio [OR] 0.979, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.022- to 0.006, p = 0.001), BI (OR 0.993, 95% CI - 0.007 to - 0.004, p < 0.001), CDR 3.0 (OR 1.002, 95% CI 0.002-0.236, p = 0.046), present teeth (OR 0.993, 95% CI - 0.007 to - 0.001, p = 0.011), functional teeth (OR 0.989, 95% CI - 0.011 to - 0.005, p < 0.001), and RSST (OR 0.960, 95% CI - 0.041 to - 0.007, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with DD vs ND discrimination. Simple evaluations of coughing (OR 1.056, 0.054-0.198, p = 0.001) and rinsing (OR 1.010, 0.010-0.174, p = 0.029) could also discriminate food form status. These simple evaluations provide insight into the discrepancies between food form status and eating abilities of LTCF residents. Periodic evaluations by the nursing caregiver may help to prevent aspiration by older individuals with dysphagia.Responses of salivary glands to intake of soft diet
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/88999
Title: Responses of salivary glands to intake of soft diet
Authors: Takahashi, Shigeru; Nezu, Akihiro; Tanimura, Akihiko; Nakamichi, Yoshiyuki; Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki
Abstract: Background: Modernization has made individuals prefer processed and cooked foods (soft food), but this eating habit may have negative effects on the oral cavity. However, laboratory animals fed with soft diet are commonly used in an attempt to clarify this issue, and various oral tissues, including the salivary glands have been examined. In this review, we summarize the findings of previous studies concerning the responses of salivary glands to daily intake of soft diet. Highlight: The weight of the parotid glands decreased in rodents fed with soft diet (liquid or powder). In atrophic parotid glands, acinar cell shrinkage is histologically observed and the DNA content is reduced, showing that the atrophy is caused by a decrease in the size and number of acinar cells. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the decrease in the acinar cell number was induced by suppression of acinar cell proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis. The atrophic parotid glands recovered following a change from soft to pellet diet. Other salivary glands, such as the submandibular, sublingual, and palatine glands, responded only slightly to the soft diet feeding. Conclusion: Accumulated research data showed that a soft diet negatively affects the parotid glands much more than other salivary glands and that atrophic parotid glands are able to recover by switching to a hard diet. Therefore, it should be emphasized that good eating habits are important for not only digestion but also the health of oral tissues, including the salivary glands.2022-04-03T15:00:00ZTakahashi, ShigeruNezu, AkihiroTanimura, AkihikoNakamichi, YoshiyukiYamamoto, TsuneyukiBackground: Modernization has made individuals prefer processed and cooked foods (soft food), but this eating habit may have negative effects on the oral cavity. However, laboratory animals fed with soft diet are commonly used in an attempt to clarify this issue, and various oral tissues, including the salivary glands have been examined. In this review, we summarize the findings of previous studies concerning the responses of salivary glands to daily intake of soft diet. Highlight: The weight of the parotid glands decreased in rodents fed with soft diet (liquid or powder). In atrophic parotid glands, acinar cell shrinkage is histologically observed and the DNA content is reduced, showing that the atrophy is caused by a decrease in the size and number of acinar cells. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the decrease in the acinar cell number was induced by suppression of acinar cell proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis. The atrophic parotid glands recovered following a change from soft to pellet diet. Other salivary glands, such as the submandibular, sublingual, and palatine glands, responded only slightly to the soft diet feeding. Conclusion: Accumulated research data showed that a soft diet negatively affects the parotid glands much more than other salivary glands and that atrophic parotid glands are able to recover by switching to a hard diet. Therefore, it should be emphasized that good eating habits are important for not only digestion but also the health of oral tissues, including the salivary glands.