DSpace Collection: 2011-03-31
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45181
2011-03-312024-03-29T00:56:40Zショウジョウバエにおける抗菌ペプチドの分子進化
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45200
Title: ショウジョウバエにおける抗菌ペプチドの分子進化
Authors: 瀬戸, 陽介; 小山, あずさ; 田村, 浩一郎
Abstract: 抗菌ペプチドはショウジョウバエにおいて主要な生体防御機構の一つであり, キイロショウジョウバエでは, これまでに7種類が同定されている. これら抗菌ペプチドは種類によって活性を示す対象の微生物が異なり, バクテリアに対して強い抗菌活性を示すものや真菌類に強い抗菌活性を示すものが知られている. 様々な研究から, 抗菌ペプチドは, 個体レベルでは個体の微生物に対する抵抗性に大きく影響することが, 遺伝子レベルでは種類によってその分子進化パターンが異なることが明らかとなっている. そこで, 本稿では抗菌ペプチドの分子進化と抗菌活性や個体での抵抗性との関わりについて論じる.; Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components for Drosophila innate immune systems against microorganisms. Seven antimicrobial peptides have been identified in D. melanogaster, in which some AMPs show strong anti-bacterial activity, but others show anti-fungal activity. Repertoire of AMPs and their expression patterns are important for individual fly to survive under infection of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Many molecular evolutionary analyses show different AMP genes have evolved in different manner. Cecropin and Drosomycin genes, for example, have evolved under frequent gene duplication and deletion event, so-called birth-and-death evolution, while Metchnikwin and Drosocin genes have kept only one copy in their host genome through Drosophila evolution. Ecologically, Drosophila is distributed among various environments from Tropical to Polar Zone, and some species have more resistance to bacteria or fungi than others have. However, the molecular-based mechanisms which affect a resistance to microorganisms still have not been elucidated clearly. In this paper, we introduce functions of Drosophila AMPs and their molecular evolution, and then discuss evolutionary relationship between them.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z瀬戸, 陽介小山, あずさ田村, 浩一郎抗菌ペプチドはショウジョウバエにおいて主要な生体防御機構の一つであり, キイロショウジョウバエでは, これまでに7種類が同定されている. これら抗菌ペプチドは種類によって活性を示す対象の微生物が異なり, バクテリアに対して強い抗菌活性を示すものや真菌類に強い抗菌活性を示すものが知られている. 様々な研究から, 抗菌ペプチドは, 個体レベルでは個体の微生物に対する抵抗性に大きく影響することが, 遺伝子レベルでは種類によってその分子進化パターンが異なることが明らかとなっている. そこで, 本稿では抗菌ペプチドの分子進化と抗菌活性や個体での抵抗性との関わりについて論じる.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components for Drosophila innate immune systems against microorganisms. Seven antimicrobial peptides have been identified in D. melanogaster, in which some AMPs show strong anti-bacterial activity, but others show anti-fungal activity. Repertoire of AMPs and their expression patterns are important for individual fly to survive under infection of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Many molecular evolutionary analyses show different AMP genes have evolved in different manner. Cecropin and Drosomycin genes, for example, have evolved under frequent gene duplication and deletion event, so-called birth-and-death evolution, while Metchnikwin and Drosocin genes have kept only one copy in their host genome through Drosophila evolution. Ecologically, Drosophila is distributed among various environments from Tropical to Polar Zone, and some species have more resistance to bacteria or fungi than others have. However, the molecular-based mechanisms which affect a resistance to microorganisms still have not been elucidated clearly. In this paper, we introduce functions of Drosophila AMPs and their molecular evolution, and then discuss evolutionary relationship between them.ハシリショウジョウバエにおける遺伝子組換え系統の確立
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45199
Title: ハシリショウジョウバエにおける遺伝子組換え系統の確立
Authors: 島田, 公夫
Abstract: ハシリショウジョウバエの一種, Chymomyza costataは北半球の冷温帯と亜寒帯に広く分布し, ショウジョウバエ科の中では珍しく, 幼虫で休眠し越冬する. 幼虫休眠の誘導には短日が有効で, 札幌産では臨界日長が14時間付近にある. 臨界日長はどのように計られるのだろうか? 「光周反応の測時機構に概日時計が関わっている」というBünning(1936)の仮説があり, この証明を目指して行ったC. costataにおける遺伝子組換え実験の概要を紹介する. ターゲットにした遺伝子はtimelessで, piggyBacと呼ばれるトランスポゾン由来の遺伝子組換えベクターを介して, timelessの強制発現系統やノックアウト系統を確立した.; A drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata is living in the cool temperate and subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. This species enters winter diapause at the larval stage in contrast to most of other drosophilid species. Short-day photoperiods are effective for the induction of larval diapause. The critical photoperiod of a wild-type strain collected in Sapporo is about 14 hours. How is the length of day or night measured? Bünning (1936) has proposed a hypothesis that the photoperiodic time measurement system involves the circadian clock. To test this hypothesis, I prepared two transgenic lines of C. costata. In these lines, the expression of a circadian clock gene, timeless, was enhanced or inhibited with heat shock treatment. The germline transformation was mediated by a lepidopteran transposon, piggyBac.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z島田, 公夫ハシリショウジョウバエの一種, Chymomyza costataは北半球の冷温帯と亜寒帯に広く分布し, ショウジョウバエ科の中では珍しく, 幼虫で休眠し越冬する. 幼虫休眠の誘導には短日が有効で, 札幌産では臨界日長が14時間付近にある. 臨界日長はどのように計られるのだろうか? 「光周反応の測時機構に概日時計が関わっている」というBünning(1936)の仮説があり, この証明を目指して行ったC. costataにおける遺伝子組換え実験の概要を紹介する. ターゲットにした遺伝子はtimelessで, piggyBacと呼ばれるトランスポゾン由来の遺伝子組換えベクターを介して, timelessの強制発現系統やノックアウト系統を確立した.
A drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata is living in the cool temperate and subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. This species enters winter diapause at the larval stage in contrast to most of other drosophilid species. Short-day photoperiods are effective for the induction of larval diapause. The critical photoperiod of a wild-type strain collected in Sapporo is about 14 hours. How is the length of day or night measured? Bünning (1936) has proposed a hypothesis that the photoperiodic time measurement system involves the circadian clock. To test this hypothesis, I prepared two transgenic lines of C. costata. In these lines, the expression of a circadian clock gene, timeless, was enhanced or inhibited with heat shock treatment. The germline transformation was mediated by a lepidopteran transposon, piggyBac.ショウジョウバエの耐寒性と膜脂質
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45198
Title: ショウジョウバエの耐寒性と膜脂質
Authors: 後藤, 慎介
Abstract: ショウジョウバエの耐寒性の獲得にかかわる生化学的なメカニズムを探るため, キイロショウジョウバエの低温麻痺からの回復が早い系統(CR), 遅い系統(CS), 中間的な系統(CTL)を人為選択あるいは自由交配によって作製した. これらの系統から生体膜の流動性にかかわるリン脂質を抽出し, 脂肪酸の組成をガスクロマトグラフィーによって調べたところ, 系統間で大きな違いが見られた. 耐寒性の獲得・喪失にこれらリン脂質脂肪酸の変化がどのように関わっているのかについて議論する.; To clarify biochemical mechanisms underpinning acquisition of cold tolerance, I investigated the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in Drosophila melanogaster lines showing rapid (CR), intermediate (CTL), or slow (CS) recovery from chill coma, which were established by artificial selection or by free recombination without selection. Compared to CTL, CS showed a low composition of dienoic acids and a small number of double bonds in the fatty acids. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (UFAs/SFAs) was significantly lower in CS than in CTL. CR had higher monoenoic acid composition and lower dienoic acid composition than CTL. In addition, the amount of SFAs was lower and therefore the UFAs/SFAs ratio considerably higher in CR than in CTL. These changes in phospholipid fatty acids probably contributed to losing and maintaining the homeoviscosity of the cellular membranes in CS and CR, respectively, at low temperatures and therefore produced their distinct phenotypes in recovery from chill coma.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z後藤, 慎介ショウジョウバエの耐寒性の獲得にかかわる生化学的なメカニズムを探るため, キイロショウジョウバエの低温麻痺からの回復が早い系統(CR), 遅い系統(CS), 中間的な系統(CTL)を人為選択あるいは自由交配によって作製した. これらの系統から生体膜の流動性にかかわるリン脂質を抽出し, 脂肪酸の組成をガスクロマトグラフィーによって調べたところ, 系統間で大きな違いが見られた. 耐寒性の獲得・喪失にこれらリン脂質脂肪酸の変化がどのように関わっているのかについて議論する.
To clarify biochemical mechanisms underpinning acquisition of cold tolerance, I investigated the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in Drosophila melanogaster lines showing rapid (CR), intermediate (CTL), or slow (CS) recovery from chill coma, which were established by artificial selection or by free recombination without selection. Compared to CTL, CS showed a low composition of dienoic acids and a small number of double bonds in the fatty acids. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (UFAs/SFAs) was significantly lower in CS than in CTL. CR had higher monoenoic acid composition and lower dienoic acid composition than CTL. In addition, the amount of SFAs was lower and therefore the UFAs/SFAs ratio considerably higher in CR than in CTL. These changes in phospholipid fatty acids probably contributed to losing and maintaining the homeoviscosity of the cellular membranes in CS and CR, respectively, at low temperatures and therefore produced their distinct phenotypes in recovery from chill coma.昆虫群集組成解析への変性剤濃度勾配ゲル電気泳動(DGGE)法適用の試み
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45197
Title: 昆虫群集組成解析への変性剤濃度勾配ゲル電気泳動(DGGE)法適用の試み
Authors: 胡, 耀光; 戸田, 正憲
Abstract: 微生物生態学で, 環境中のメタゲノムから直接バクテリア群集を調べるために使われている変性剤濃度勾配ゲル電気泳動(DGGE)法を, 近年その必要性が強く認識され, いろいろな取り組みが行われている生物多様性観測において, 大量のサンプルを処理(種同定)しなければならないことが多い昆虫群集に適用できるかどうか, ショウジョウバエ類を材料としてテストした. その結果, PCR増幅段階でのバイアスが避けられず, PCR-DGGE法は, 限られた条件のもとでの適用(例えば, 構成種が既知のある範囲に限られた群集の種組成の解析・比較など)は可能ではあるものの, 網羅的な生物多様性観測のための新しい手法としては問題があることがわかった.; Applicability of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which has been used to analyze microbial communities based on metagenomes in environments, to insect communities, as a useful technology for non-experts to easily identify component species in a large amount of samples to be obtained in various projects of biodiversity inventory and monitoring, was examined using some drosophilid species as test materials. As a result, it has been revealed that there are some problems in the process of PCR amplification for applying the PCR-DGGE method to the comprehensive observation of biodiversity, although it can be used under limited situations or conditions.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z胡, 耀光戸田, 正憲微生物生態学で, 環境中のメタゲノムから直接バクテリア群集を調べるために使われている変性剤濃度勾配ゲル電気泳動(DGGE)法を, 近年その必要性が強く認識され, いろいろな取り組みが行われている生物多様性観測において, 大量のサンプルを処理(種同定)しなければならないことが多い昆虫群集に適用できるかどうか, ショウジョウバエ類を材料としてテストした. その結果, PCR増幅段階でのバイアスが避けられず, PCR-DGGE法は, 限られた条件のもとでの適用(例えば, 構成種が既知のある範囲に限られた群集の種組成の解析・比較など)は可能ではあるものの, 網羅的な生物多様性観測のための新しい手法としては問題があることがわかった.
Applicability of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which has been used to analyze microbial communities based on metagenomes in environments, to insect communities, as a useful technology for non-experts to easily identify component species in a large amount of samples to be obtained in various projects of biodiversity inventory and monitoring, was examined using some drosophilid species as test materials. As a result, it has been revealed that there are some problems in the process of PCR amplification for applying the PCR-DGGE method to the comprehensive observation of biodiversity, although it can be used under limited situations or conditions.キノコ食ショウジョウバエ類とその寄生性センチュウとの関係
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45196
Title: キノコ食ショウジョウバエ類とその寄生性センチュウとの関係
Authors: 萬屋, 宏
Abstract: キノコ食ショウジョウバエ類に対するセンチュウの寄生が北米, ヨーロッパなどで調査され, その効果はショウジョウバエ種間及び地域間で大きく異なることが報告されている. 今回, 北海道大学苫小牧研究林において4年間, キノコ上のショウジョウバエ成虫を採集し, センチュウによる寄生の有無と, 寄生が蔵卵数に及ぼす影響を調べた. その結果, 寄生率はショウジョウバエ種間, 季節間, 年次間で大きく異なること, 寄生はどのショウジョウバエ種においても不妊化をもたらすことが明らかになった. また, ショウジョウバエ種の相対頻度と寄生率間には相関は認められなかった. このことは, ショウジョウバエ類の共存へのセンチュウ寄生の寄与は大きくないことを示している.; The prevalence of nematode parasitism in mycophagous drosophilids was studied throughout their active season over 4 years (2000-2003) in Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, northern Japan. In addition, effects of nematode parasitism on the feritility of drosophilid females were examined. A total of 18,177 adult drosophilid flies were collected from 43 fungal species found on the census route. The rate of nematode parasitism varied yearly, seasonally and among drosophilid species. Parasitized females carried much fewer eggs than unparasitized ones, revealing a strong deleterious effect of parasitism on the fitness of flies. The relative abundance of drosophilid species and the rate of parasitism were not significantly correlated, suggesting that nematode parasitism unlikely promoted the coexistence of drosophilid flies in this community.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z萬屋, 宏キノコ食ショウジョウバエ類に対するセンチュウの寄生が北米, ヨーロッパなどで調査され, その効果はショウジョウバエ種間及び地域間で大きく異なることが報告されている. 今回, 北海道大学苫小牧研究林において4年間, キノコ上のショウジョウバエ成虫を採集し, センチュウによる寄生の有無と, 寄生が蔵卵数に及ぼす影響を調べた. その結果, 寄生率はショウジョウバエ種間, 季節間, 年次間で大きく異なること, 寄生はどのショウジョウバエ種においても不妊化をもたらすことが明らかになった. また, ショウジョウバエ種の相対頻度と寄生率間には相関は認められなかった. このことは, ショウジョウバエ類の共存へのセンチュウ寄生の寄与は大きくないことを示している.
The prevalence of nematode parasitism in mycophagous drosophilids was studied throughout their active season over 4 years (2000-2003) in Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, northern Japan. In addition, effects of nematode parasitism on the feritility of drosophilid females were examined. A total of 18,177 adult drosophilid flies were collected from 43 fungal species found on the census route. The rate of nematode parasitism varied yearly, seasonally and among drosophilid species. Parasitized females carried much fewer eggs than unparasitized ones, revealing a strong deleterious effect of parasitism on the fitness of flies. The relative abundance of drosophilid species and the rate of parasitism were not significantly correlated, suggesting that nematode parasitism unlikely promoted the coexistence of drosophilid flies in this community.Faunal and seasonal surveys on drosophilid flies by net sweeping in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45195
Title: Faunal and seasonal surveys on drosophilid flies by net sweeping in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Katoh, Takahiro K.; Watada, Masayoshi
Abstract: A faunal survey on drosophilid flies by net sweeping was carried out in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan from October 2009 to October 2010. A total of 11,663 individuals of 54 species belonging to 15 genera were collected by the year-round samplings at two localities, Dogo Park and Mt. Miyukiji, and occasional ones at another site in Matsuyama. The most abundant species was Liodrosophila aerea (49%), followed by Drosophila rufa (17%), D. lutescens (9.6%), D. sternopleuralis (4.0%) and D. bizonata (3.8%). The six dominant species showed more or less similar patterns in seasonal population fluctuation, being abundant in spring and/or fall with some variation between the localities. The observed seasonal patterns of drosophilid flies are discussed in relation to the extraordinary hot weather in the summer of 2010.2011-03-30T15:00:00ZKatoh, Takahiro K.Watada, MasayoshiA faunal survey on drosophilid flies by net sweeping was carried out in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan from October 2009 to October 2010. A total of 11,663 individuals of 54 species belonging to 15 genera were collected by the year-round samplings at two localities, Dogo Park and Mt. Miyukiji, and occasional ones at another site in Matsuyama. The most abundant species was Liodrosophila aerea (49%), followed by Drosophila rufa (17%), D. lutescens (9.6%), D. sternopleuralis (4.0%) and D. bizonata (3.8%). The six dominant species showed more or less similar patterns in seasonal population fluctuation, being abundant in spring and/or fall with some variation between the localities. The observed seasonal patterns of drosophilid flies are discussed in relation to the extraordinary hot weather in the summer of 2010.小笠原諸島におけるショウジョウバエ相の変遷と新たな侵入種
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45194
Title: 小笠原諸島におけるショウジョウバエ相の変遷と新たな侵入種
Authors: 和多田, 正義; 布山, 喜章; 田辺, 慎一; 渡部, 英昭; 吉岡, 伸也; 戸田, 正憲
Abstract: 海洋島である小笠原諸島におけるこれまでのショウジョウバエ研究を概説するとともに, ショウジョウバエ相の変遷について議論した. また, 1998年11月に1990年の調査から8年ぶりに父島と母島で行なった調査の結果を報告した : (1)バナナトラップとスウィーピングにより, 父島から6属13種11,779個体, 母島から7属14種15,178個体のショウジョウバエが採集された ; (2)Drosophila hypocaustaが初めて小笠原諸島から記録され, D. simulansに次ぐ優占種(父島で総採集個体数の19.4%, 母島で9.6%を占めた)であった.; We reviewed previous researches on the drosophilid fauna of the Ogasawara Islands and discussed the recent 30-year changes of the drosophilid fauna in the islands. In addition, we reported the results of our collection by banana-trapping and net-sweeping in 1998 after a lapse of eight years from the latest survey; 11,779 individuals of 13 species of 6 genera were collected from Chichijima and 15,178 individuals of 14 species of 7 genera were collected from Hahajima. Drosophila hypocausta was collected from the Islands for the first time, and was the second most dominant species occupying 19.4% and 9.6% of the total samples in Chichijima and Hahajima, respectively.2011-03-30T15:00:00Z和多田, 正義布山, 喜章田辺, 慎一渡部, 英昭吉岡, 伸也戸田, 正憲海洋島である小笠原諸島におけるこれまでのショウジョウバエ研究を概説するとともに, ショウジョウバエ相の変遷について議論した. また, 1998年11月に1990年の調査から8年ぶりに父島と母島で行なった調査の結果を報告した : (1)バナナトラップとスウィーピングにより, 父島から6属13種11,779個体, 母島から7属14種15,178個体のショウジョウバエが採集された ; (2)Drosophila hypocaustaが初めて小笠原諸島から記録され, D. simulansに次ぐ優占種(父島で総採集個体数の19.4%, 母島で9.6%を占めた)であった.
We reviewed previous researches on the drosophilid fauna of the Ogasawara Islands and discussed the recent 30-year changes of the drosophilid fauna in the islands. In addition, we reported the results of our collection by banana-trapping and net-sweeping in 1998 after a lapse of eight years from the latest survey; 11,779 individuals of 13 species of 6 genera were collected from Chichijima and 15,178 individuals of 14 species of 7 genera were collected from Hahajima. Drosophila hypocausta was collected from the Islands for the first time, and was the second most dominant species occupying 19.4% and 9.6% of the total samples in Chichijima and Hahajima, respectively.Structure and diversity of drosophilid communities in special relation to the three-dimensional structure of forest
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45193
Title: Structure and diversity of drosophilid communities in special relation to the three-dimensional structure of forest
Authors: Toda, Masanori J.; Tanabe, Shin-ichi; Akutsu, Kosuke
Abstract: This paper reviews previous works on the vertical distributions of drosophilid flies in various forests ranging from the tropics to the subarctic region, especially along the Asian Green Belt, and addresses relationships between forest structure and drosophilid diversity on various spatial scales from the global to forest-stand ones, based on the data obtained by comparable, standardized collecting methods. The structure-diversity relationships show that on any spatial scales, more complex foliage structure contributes to the higher beta diversity along the vertical dimension and in consequence to higher species diversity in the whole community. Thus, the spatial habitat heterogeneity should be an important factor responsible for global to local variations in drosophilid species diversity. In forests with continuous, closed canopy, the vertical foliage structure defines the physical template of habitats, where inhabitant organisms actually interact with each other under various physical environments, and as a consequence determines the species diversity in inhabitant communities.2011-03-30T15:00:00ZToda, Masanori J.Tanabe, Shin-ichiAkutsu, KosukeThis paper reviews previous works on the vertical distributions of drosophilid flies in various forests ranging from the tropics to the subarctic region, especially along the Asian Green Belt, and addresses relationships between forest structure and drosophilid diversity on various spatial scales from the global to forest-stand ones, based on the data obtained by comparable, standardized collecting methods. The structure-diversity relationships show that on any spatial scales, more complex foliage structure contributes to the higher beta diversity along the vertical dimension and in consequence to higher species diversity in the whole community. Thus, the spatial habitat heterogeneity should be an important factor responsible for global to local variations in drosophilid species diversity. In forests with continuous, closed canopy, the vertical foliage structure defines the physical template of habitats, where inhabitant organisms actually interact with each other under various physical environments, and as a consequence determines the species diversity in inhabitant communities.An evolutionary view on courtship behavior of Drosophila : From a comparative approach
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45192
Title: An evolutionary view on courtship behavior of Drosophila : From a comparative approach
Authors: Wen, Shuo-Yang; Li, Yi-Feng
Abstract: Courtship behavior is highly divergent in Diptera, especially in Drosophila. The typical courtship of Drosophila melanogaster is an elaborate repertoire including elements of orienting, tapping, scissoring, circling, wing-vibrating, licking and attempting to copulate, in which males and females send and receive visual, chemical, tactile and acoustic signals from each other. The divergence of courtship behavior reflects the phylogeny to some extent. Loss or gain of certain elements, which cause qualitative differences in courtship behavior among species, are very common in Drosophila. On the other hand, rapid quantitative changes in sexual signals tend to occur between sympatric, closely related species but not between allopatric, close relatives. In this review, we assemble available information on courtship behavior, compare its behavioral elements across 135 species of 30 species groups from three genera of the Drosophilidae, excepting the Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila with a bizarre courtship pattern, and discuss functions of each element in relation to its loss or gain and possible evolutionary mechanisms underlying the sexual signal divergence.2011-03-30T15:00:00ZWen, Shuo-YangLi, Yi-FengCourtship behavior is highly divergent in Diptera, especially in Drosophila. The typical courtship of Drosophila melanogaster is an elaborate repertoire including elements of orienting, tapping, scissoring, circling, wing-vibrating, licking and attempting to copulate, in which males and females send and receive visual, chemical, tactile and acoustic signals from each other. The divergence of courtship behavior reflects the phylogeny to some extent. Loss or gain of certain elements, which cause qualitative differences in courtship behavior among species, are very common in Drosophila. On the other hand, rapid quantitative changes in sexual signals tend to occur between sympatric, closely related species but not between allopatric, close relatives. In this review, we assemble available information on courtship behavior, compare its behavioral elements across 135 species of 30 species groups from three genera of the Drosophilidae, excepting the Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila with a bizarre courtship pattern, and discuss functions of each element in relation to its loss or gain and possible evolutionary mechanisms underlying the sexual signal divergence.Courtship of Drosophila, with a special interest in courtship songs
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45190
Title: Courtship of Drosophila, with a special interest in courtship songs
Authors: Tomaru, Masatoshi; Yamada, Hirokazu
Abstract: This paper reviews the courtship behaviour of Drosophila, focusing on courtship songs and types and patterns of sounds in a variety of species with regard to phylogeny. Courtship song is one of the most important signals from males to females during courtship. In most species, males emit one or two types of courtship song, such as a pulse song and a sine song. Some species produce two types of pulse songs, some a pulse song and a sine song, and others a pulse song but no sine song. In the montium species subgroup of the Drosophila (Sophophora) melanogaster species group, copulatory courtship songs are reported; some species produce before and after mounting but others only after mounting. In the Drosophila (Drosophila) virilis species group and Zaprionus, both sexes produce songs. Breeding sites, sex pheromones and other courtship signals are also examined. Mate recognition in relation to the role of courtship elements are discussed from an evolutionary point of view.2011-03-30T15:00:00ZTomaru, MasatoshiYamada, HirokazuThis paper reviews the courtship behaviour of Drosophila, focusing on courtship songs and types and patterns of sounds in a variety of species with regard to phylogeny. Courtship song is one of the most important signals from males to females during courtship. In most species, males emit one or two types of courtship song, such as a pulse song and a sine song. Some species produce two types of pulse songs, some a pulse song and a sine song, and others a pulse song but no sine song. In the montium species subgroup of the Drosophila (Sophophora) melanogaster species group, copulatory courtship songs are reported; some species produce before and after mounting but others only after mounting. In the Drosophila (Drosophila) virilis species group and Zaprionus, both sexes produce songs. Breeding sites, sex pheromones and other courtship signals are also examined. Mate recognition in relation to the role of courtship elements are discussed from an evolutionary point of view.