低温科学 = Low Temperature Science;第80巻

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尾瀬ヶ原中田代竜宮地区におけるシカの湿原植生摂餌,撹乱場所とその変遷

谷本, 丈夫

Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/84938
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/lowtemsci.80.507
KEYWORDS : シカの摂餌植物;泥炭層破壊;湿原植物;摂餌場所;摂餌時期;deer foraging plants;peat layer destruction;bog plants;foraging sites;foraging season

Abstract

尾瀬ヶ原では1995年以降,ニホンジカによるミツガシワ群落の摂餌,地下茎掘り上げによる撹乱が年毎に激しくなっている.本報告では,尾瀬ヶ原中田代竜宮地区の湿原植生へのシカの撹乱の広がりと移動について時系列的に記録し,シカとの共存における湿原植生保全の問題点を論議した. 竜宮においては,ミツガシワは湿原に流れ込む河川の氾濫原に生育,群落を形成しており,撹乱初期には,遮蔽物のある見通しの悪い場所が撹乱地となっていた.近年では木道の周辺や周囲に逃げ場の無い尾瀬ヶ原の中心部に撹乱場所が移動している.ミツガシワは,シカの嗜好性が高く,湿原構成植物として貴重種の一つである.これらシカによるミツガシワ等湿原植生の摂餌撹乱形態経過と過去のシカ生息記録から,尾瀬ヶ原におけるミツガシワ群落の維持と再生過程の検討を行い,撹乱地における植生復活には,シカの生息との関連で共存における湿原植生再生について長期にわたる広範な情報蓄積が必要であることを指摘した.
In Ozegahara, the mire disturbance caused by feeding and digging of Menyanthes trifoliata by Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) feeding and digging up rhizomes has been increasing year by year since 1995. In this report, chronological changes of mire disturbance by deer and resulted mire evolution at Nakatashiro-Rugyu are discussed based on the time series photographic records of the deer disturbance of mire vegetation at this area. In the early stage of deer the disturbance of M. trifoliata, the disturbed area was confined within local locations with limited due to obstructions. In recent years, disturbed areas have been enlarged to the vicinity of wooden roads and to the central part of Ozegahara without hiding place for deer. As food, deer highly prefer M. trifoliata, one of the most valuable vegetation at Ozegahara. Considering the patterns of mire disturbance by deer as well as their inhabitance behavior at Ozegahara, discussion was made on the necessity of long term extensive studies on the recovery of vegetation from the mire disturbance caused by both digging and feeding of its rhizome by deer.

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