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道の考古学
小杉, 康
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/87932
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/105605
Abstract
本稿は人類にとっての道とはいかなる存在かを、人類史の観点から考察した論考である。最初に、ラエトリ (タンザニア)で発見された 360万年前の足跡化石を取り上げ、それが道であるか否かを問う。次に、古代国家の維持のために登場した七道駅路を取り上げ、その成立から現代の高速道路にいたるまでの道に関する問題群を考察する。さらに、七道駅路が成立する以前の道に関する問題群を整理して、道が人類の定住生活の開始と密接にかかわりあいながら成立したことを論じる。人類史における道の展開過程を、以下のように成立に至るまでの前史3段階、成立以降の3段階として提示する。
前史第1段階:個体移動
前史第2段階:陸上進出
前史第3段階:踏み分け道
「道」の人類史第1段階:人類は定住生活を開始することによって「道」を成立させる。
「道」の人類史第2段階:通行の便(歩き易さ)と安全性とを確保するために、意図的に「道」の一部を、集団の共同作業で整備・補修する(道普請)。
「道」の人類史第3段階:国家的な統一機構としての「道」の出現。
最後に、人類は「道」を発明(発見)したことによって、道に関連する言葉を多く使用するようになるが、それは単に道の比喩的な表現にとどまらず、そのような表現をすることによって、新たな思考の領域を生みだしている可能性を指摘する。
This paper examines the existence of the road for human beings from the viewpoint of human history. First, I take up a 3.6-million-year-old fossil footprint found in Laetoli (Tanzania) and ask whether it is a road. Next, I take up 'Shichido-Ekiro' (road system of the ancient nation in Japan), which were made to maintain the unity of the nation, and consider the problems related to the road from its establishment to modem highways. In addition, I organize the problems related to the roads before the establishment of 'Shichido-Ekiro', and argue that the roads were established while being closely related to the beginning of the sedentary of human beings. Based on the above considerations, I present the development process of the path in human history as follows: The 1st pre-stage: Individual movement The 2nd pre-stage: Going up onshore The 3rd pre-stage: Trail (which formed by the repeated treading of people or animals). The 1st stage in human history: A road that began with the sedentary of human beings. The 2nd stage in human history: A road deliberately created by collective work. The 3rd stage in human history: Road system of the ancient nation made to maintain the unity of the nation. Human beings began to use many words related to the road by inventing (discovering) the road. Finally, I point out that concepts and various expressions of road have created new realms of thought for human beings, not in the sense of the metaphorical expression of the word road.
This paper examines the existence of the road for human beings from the viewpoint of human history. First, I take up a 3.6-million-year-old fossil footprint found in Laetoli (Tanzania) and ask whether it is a road. Next, I take up 'Shichido-Ekiro' (road system of the ancient nation in Japan), which were made to maintain the unity of the nation, and consider the problems related to the road from its establishment to modem highways. In addition, I organize the problems related to the roads before the establishment of 'Shichido-Ekiro', and argue that the roads were established while being closely related to the beginning of the sedentary of human beings. Based on the above considerations, I present the development process of the path in human history as follows: The 1st pre-stage: Individual movement The 2nd pre-stage: Going up onshore The 3rd pre-stage: Trail (which formed by the repeated treading of people or animals). The 1st stage in human history: A road that began with the sedentary of human beings. The 2nd stage in human history: A road deliberately created by collective work. The 3rd stage in human history: Road system of the ancient nation made to maintain the unity of the nation. Human beings began to use many words related to the road by inventing (discovering) the road. Finally, I point out that concepts and various expressions of road have created new realms of thought for human beings, not in the sense of the metaphorical expression of the word road.
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