Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/88075

Embryo transfer is a widespread assisted reproductive technique for the production of livestock. In general, the blastocyst-stage embryos used for transfer are produced in vivo or in vitro. However, little is known about differences in mitochondrial ultrastructure between in vivo and in vitro blastocysts in mammals. This study aimed to compare the mitochondrial ultrastructure between in vivo and in vitro mouse blastocysts using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analyses were performed using more than 1,000 mitochondria from blastocyst embryos. No significant difference was observed in mitochondrial roundness. However, the average major axes (nm) and areas (nm2) were significantly greater in the in vitro embryos than in the in vivo embryos (p＜0.01). Furthermore, the average electron density was significantly decreased in the in vitro embryos compared to the in vivo embryos (p＜0.01). Taken together, we conclude that mitochondria in in vitro blastocysts show an increase in size and a decrease in electron density compared with those in in vivo blastocysts. This implies that mitochondrial functions are deteriorated in in vitro blastocysts compared to in vivo blastocysts.