Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/38294

本稿ではまずサハリンの言語状況を概観し、特に近年のウイルタ語をめぐる動きを紹介する。次にサハリンの先住民言語の間に見られる単語の相互借用について、先行研究からいくつかの例を紹介するとともに、あらたな事例を提供する。最後に、単語借用以外の文法面や口頭文芸においても影響関係が見られることにふれ、「言語地域」としてのサハリンの重要性を指摘する。
The present paper intends to be a brief introduction to the linguistic world of Sakhalin. The first two sections include a brief description on the linguistic situation of Sakhalin, with special reference to the recent publication of the Uilta first primer. In Section 3, some examples of lexical borrowing among Sakhalin languages are drawn from previous studies. The forth section is devoted to an attempt to trace the route of the words for 'walrus' and 'tusk'. As a tentative result, a Chukchi word for 'walrus' was borrowed by Even with changing the meaning into 'tusk', and then it spread to most of the Tungusic languages. The Uilta word for 'walrus', which may be a doublet of the word for 'tusk', was possibly introduced into Nivkh and Sakhalin Ainu. Then the Nivkh form for 'walrus' was brought into other Amur Tungusic. Finally, the author remarks possible mutual influences in grammatical structure and oral literature, and suggests the importance of Sakhalin as a linguistic area.