「けれど」と「のに」
池上, 素子
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/45575
KEYWORDS : 逆接;推論の制限;推論の前提の捉え方;話し手/開き手志向
Abstract
「けれど」も「のに」も逆接確定条件を表す接続助詞とされている。しかし、両者は完全に交替可能ではなく、固有の性格を持っている。本稿では、両者に共通の機能を「話し手の発話の前件から導かれる聞き手の『(「PならばQ」から導かれる)PだからQ』という推論を制限すること」とし、相違点は、その推論「PだからQ」の前提となるP、Qの捉え方から導かれるものという考えに沿って両者の比較検討を行う。すなわち、「のに」文の場合は「PならばQ」が必要十分条件であるため、そこから導かれる推論は「当然~であるはずなのに~」という当てはずれの感情を伴うが、「けれど」文の場合「PならばQ」は可能性のある一つの条件に過ぎないためそのような感情は伴わない。また、他にも可能性があるがその中の一つを選ぶ結果、「けれど」文には聞き手の思惑を計るという聞き手中心の傾向が現れるが、「PならばQ」を必要十分条件と見なす「のに」文の場合聞き手の思惑を計る余地はなく、話し手中心の傾向が出る。さらに、「けれど」文に前置きなどの周辺的な用法があり、「のに」文に周辺的用法がないのは、そのような各々の性格が背景にあるためと考える。
Both KEREDO and NONI are disjunctive subordinate conjunctions, but they show several differences. The purpose of this paper is to claim that there is a function common to these particles, namely, to restrict the hearer's inferences, and to examine certain differences between the two from the viewpoint of inference preconditions. NONI regards a precondition as a necessary and sufficient condition, while KEREDO regards a precondition simply as one condition. The following differences are examined from this perspective. First, NONI has a nuance of disappointment, surprise, dissatisfaction and so on, but KEREDO does not. Second, while NONI has a tendency to lay emphasis on the speaker's expectation, KEREDO has a tendency to lay emphasis on the hearer's expectation. Third, NONI has only one usage as a disjunctive, but KEREDO has several, including preface, hesitation, supplementation and so on.
Both KEREDO and NONI are disjunctive subordinate conjunctions, but they show several differences. The purpose of this paper is to claim that there is a function common to these particles, namely, to restrict the hearer's inferences, and to examine certain differences between the two from the viewpoint of inference preconditions. NONI regards a precondition as a necessary and sufficient condition, while KEREDO regards a precondition simply as one condition. The following differences are examined from this perspective. First, NONI has a nuance of disappointment, surprise, dissatisfaction and so on, but KEREDO does not. Second, while NONI has a tendency to lay emphasis on the speaker's expectation, KEREDO has a tendency to lay emphasis on the hearer's expectation. Third, NONI has only one usage as a disjunctive, but KEREDO has several, including preface, hesitation, supplementation and so on.
FULL TEXT:PDF