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積雪期における湿地からのメタン放出過程
岩田, 智也
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/49059
KEYWORDS : 湿地;メタン;積雪;微生物代謝;wetlands;methane;snowpacks;microbial metabolism
Abstract
北方圏に広がる自然湿地は, 温室効果気体である大気メタンの重要な放出源である. これらの湿地は１年の半分近くが積雪に覆われるものの, 冬期における湿地からのメタン放出過程についてはよくわかっていない. 本報では, 湿地のメタン生成・消費と大気への放出およびそれらに影響を及ぼす環境因子（土壌温度, 湿地植生, 水位変動, 氷板, 積雪の変質過程）について, とくに積雪期における過程に注目しながら解説した. また, 先行研究で得られた知見をもとに, 今後の湿地観測の重要性と研究手法について議論した.
Northern wetlands are one of the most important sources of atmospheric methane,a potent greenhouse gas with about 20 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. Although snow can cover the surface of northern wetlands for more than half the year,most attention has been given to methane emission from wetlands during the growing season. Here I review studies that have addressed the microbial methane production, methane oxidation,and gas transfer processes in both wetland soils and the overlaying snow cover to understand the processes of winter methane emission from northern wetlands. I emphasize,based on the findings of those studies, that there is a need for a great deal of intensive and extensive monitoring of methane dynamics in snow-covered wetlands in northern ecosystems.
Northern wetlands are one of the most important sources of atmospheric methane,a potent greenhouse gas with about 20 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. Although snow can cover the surface of northern wetlands for more than half the year,most attention has been given to methane emission from wetlands during the growing season. Here I review studies that have addressed the microbial methane production, methane oxidation,and gas transfer processes in both wetland soils and the overlaying snow cover to understand the processes of winter methane emission from northern wetlands. I emphasize,based on the findings of those studies, that there is a need for a great deal of intensive and extensive monitoring of methane dynamics in snow-covered wetlands in northern ecosystems.
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