Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/50915

In the present era of globalisation, border studies take centre stage in social and historical studies. However, they have not yet matured enough in order to approach issues related to globalisation. In particular, with taking up territorial borders as objects, they rarely focus on the social borders created by human movements across territorial borders within the nation-state. How can we transform border studies into social border studies? This article argues two things. First, the Hammar-Koido-Tarumoto Model (the HKT Model) can clarify types of social borders within the nation-state. Second, it is necessary to develop a theoretical hypothesis. For example, in cases of undocumented immigrants and temporary stayers, the closing border hypothesis under the recent recession, triggered by the subprime loan crisis in the United States, helps to consider the diversity of the state's management of the social border. Through these research strategies, border studies can incorporate social border studies which deal with issues related to globalisation.