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衛星観測による南極氷床質量収支
福田, 洋一
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/70335
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/lowtemsci.76.187
KEYWORDS : 氷床質量収支;海面上昇;衛星高度計;合成開口レーダー;衛星重力;Ice-sheet Mass Balance;Sea Level Rise;Satellite Altimetry;Synthetic Aperture Radar;Satellite Gravimetry
Abstract
地球温暖化による南極氷床質量変動は，海面上昇の要因として大きな関心事である．地上での観測データが極めて乏しい南極で氷床質量収支を見積もることは，長らくほとんど不可能な課題であったが，1990 年代以降，衛星観測を利用することで，まだ不確定性は残るものの大陸スケールでの質量収支の見積もりも可能となっている．ここでは，まず，氷床質量収支の研究に利用される衛星高度計，合成開口レーダー，衛星重力の3 つの観測手法について述べ，これらの手法を利用した南極氷床質量収支に関する最近の研究について紹介する．
The contribution of the ice-sheet melting is a key factor to the sea level issue. Before the 1990's, it had been almost impossible to estimate the ice-sheet mass balance in Antarctica where in-situ observations were very limited. Recent satellite observations have enabled us to estimate the mass balance in Antarctica, although there still remain several uncertainties. We first discuss three satellite observation methods, which are employed for estimating the ice-sheet mass balance, and then review the recent studies of the ice-sheet mass balance in Antarctica.
The contribution of the ice-sheet melting is a key factor to the sea level issue. Before the 1990's, it had been almost impossible to estimate the ice-sheet mass balance in Antarctica where in-situ observations were very limited. Recent satellite observations have enabled us to estimate the mass balance in Antarctica, although there still remain several uncertainties. We first discuss three satellite observation methods, which are employed for estimating the ice-sheet mass balance, and then review the recent studies of the ice-sheet mass balance in Antarctica.
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