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心理－社会的現象としての「ひきこもり」 : 1990年代後半の若者たちの生活体験をめぐって
村澤, 和多里
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71468
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.132.75
KEYWORDS : ひきこもり;脆弱性;自己コントロール;排除型社会;“hikikomori”;vulnerability;self-control;the exclusive society
Abstract
本稿では，1990年代後半から心理－社会的な問題として注目されるようになった「ひきこもり」という現象について，心理学的側面と社会学的側面のそれぞれを概観し，それらを総合的に理解する枠組みを提示することを目的とした。 心理学的側面については，自己愛パーソナリティやシゾイドパーソナリティとの関連が指摘されてきたが，近年では発達障害との関係も注目されている。これらに共通する特徴は，「自己の脆弱性」と「過度の自己コントロール」である。また，この現象の社会学的側面としては，日本における思春期の親密性の質的変化，巧妙な社会的排除のメカニズム，就労構造の変化などが挙げられる。 本稿では，Young, J.（1999）の「排除型社会」の理論を参考に，心理学的側面と社会学的側面を包括的に理解する枠組みを提示した。
The phenomenon known as“hikikomori”began to garner attention as a psycho-social issue starting in the late 1990s. The objective of this paper was to outline the respective psychological and sociological aspects of“hikikomori”, and to present a framework for comprehensively understanding those aspects. On the psychological side, connections have been made with narcissistic and schizoid personalities, but in recent years, a relationship with developmental disorders has also been gathering attention. The characteristics that they have in common are“vulnerability of the self”and“excessive self-control.”As for the sociological side, in Japan, the following things bear mentioning: qualitative changes in intimacy during puberty, progressive social exclusion mechanisms, and changes in the employment structure. Finally, with reference to J. Young's（1999)“exclusive society”theory, I presented a framework to understand the psychological and sociological aspects comprehensively.
The phenomenon known as“hikikomori”began to garner attention as a psycho-social issue starting in the late 1990s. The objective of this paper was to outline the respective psychological and sociological aspects of“hikikomori”, and to present a framework for comprehensively understanding those aspects. On the psychological side, connections have been made with narcissistic and schizoid personalities, but in recent years, a relationship with developmental disorders has also been gathering attention. The characteristics that they have in common are“vulnerability of the self”and“excessive self-control.”As for the sociological side, in Japan, the following things bear mentioning: qualitative changes in intimacy during puberty, progressive social exclusion mechanisms, and changes in the employment structure. Finally, with reference to J. Young's（1999)“exclusive society”theory, I presented a framework to understand the psychological and sociological aspects comprehensively.
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