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運動部活動と対外試合への参加条件に関する社会学的分析 : 札幌地区の高校サッカー大会を事例に
魚住, 智広
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/72308
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.133.1
KEYWORDS : 運動部活動;トーナメント戦;リーグ戦;参加条件;高校サッカー;Bukatsudo (Japanese school sport);knockout tournament;round-robin tournament;conditions of participation;high school football
Abstract
本稿は，運動部活動が対外試合に参加するための条件に関する社会学的分析である。先行研究は，大会方式の見直しが将来の運動部活動にとって重要であると論じてきた。しかし，各方式の現状を検証せずに大会の形式的な見直しを求める議論には慎重にならざるをえない。
そこで本稿は，６つの高校サッカー大会を対象として，それぞれの大会がどのような学校の生徒にどれほど試合出場機会を提供しているかについて整理した。その結果，先行研究で推奨されてきたリーグ戦方式の大会は参加率が非常に低いことが明らかになった。また，大会への参加障壁一つひとつをクリアしようとしても，複数の障壁が組み合わさることで生じる参加者への負担が非常に大きく，大会参加を断念せざるをえない場合があった。よって今後は大会方式や大会規定を形式的に変更するだけでなく，チーム状況に応じた配慮やチーム同士の非対称的な関係への移行が必要であることが明らかになった。
This study analyzed the opportunities available for high school football clubs to compete in tournaments, focusing on the differences between knockout and round-robin tournaments. The methods used were analysis of quantitative data, such as tournament guidelines and the number of players in all high school football clubs in Sapporo, and participant observation as a coach of one club. Results indicated that about half of the high schools participated in a round-robin tournament, whereas almost all schools participated in knockout tournaments. This difference occurred because the round-robin tournament includes matches over a long period even if a team has lost a game, creating a greater burden for students in small football clubs. Barriers to participation in some tournaments included ( 1)participation fees and transportation costs, ( 2) burden of providing referees and tournament staff members, ( 3)schedule demands posed by weekly matches, and (4)a limited number of students available to maintain a team. Moreover, analysis showed that the cumulative impact of these burdens was nonlinear in nature, preventing many students, especially those in small football clubs, from participating. The Japan Football Association could improve the situation by shortening the period of roundrobin tournaments. Also, the regulations governing some tournaments could be modified to readily accommodate small football clubs.
This study analyzed the opportunities available for high school football clubs to compete in tournaments, focusing on the differences between knockout and round-robin tournaments. The methods used were analysis of quantitative data, such as tournament guidelines and the number of players in all high school football clubs in Sapporo, and participant observation as a coach of one club. Results indicated that about half of the high schools participated in a round-robin tournament, whereas almost all schools participated in knockout tournaments. This difference occurred because the round-robin tournament includes matches over a long period even if a team has lost a game, creating a greater burden for students in small football clubs. Barriers to participation in some tournaments included ( 1)participation fees and transportation costs, ( 2) burden of providing referees and tournament staff members, ( 3)schedule demands posed by weekly matches, and (4)a limited number of students available to maintain a team. Moreover, analysis showed that the cumulative impact of these burdens was nonlinear in nature, preventing many students, especially those in small football clubs, from participating. The Japan Football Association could improve the situation by shortening the period of roundrobin tournaments. Also, the regulations governing some tournaments could be modified to readily accommodate small football clubs.
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