北海道大学演習林研究報告 = Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido University Forests;第七十一巻 第一号

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北見市常呂川河口遺跡から出土したアイヌ文化期の木質遺物の樹種同定

花里, 貴志;守屋, 豊人;渋井, 宏美;渡邊, 陽子;武田, 修;佐野, 雄三

Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/74734
KEYWORDS : 木質遺物;樹種同定;木材利用;常呂川河口遺跡;アイヌ文化期;wood identification;wooden remains;the Ainu Culture Period;the Tokorogawa Estuary Site;wood utilization

Abstract

北海道東部の遺跡より出土した木質遺物の樹種同定調査例は限られ、とくにアイヌ文化期の知見は乏しい。そこで、北見市常呂川河口遺跡から出土したアイヌ文化期の木質遺物372点について樹種同定を行い、その木材利用の特徴について調べた。計23の植物種・群が同定された。同定を行った木質遺物の多く(372点中276点)は、その形態的特徴に基づいて住居や他の建造物で使用される「土木・建築部材」に分類された。「土木・建築部材」について近隣の別年代の遺跡や同年代の道内別地域の遺跡と比較すると、ヤナギ属が際立って多かった(約40%)。また、近隣の別年代の遺跡と比べると、針葉樹類が少ない(約4%)ことも特徴であった。当時の北海道東部には天然分布しないと考えられるブナ属、カラマツ属が検出された。これらは交易など人間活動により持ち込まれたものと推察された。杭状の丸材について径級別に樹種構成を調べたところ、直径5cm未満の丸材においてはヤナギ属が(43%)、直径5cm以上の丸材においてはコナラ属が(40%)最も多く占めた。杭状試料の先端部の加工法には樹種および径級による特徴が認められた。
In order to gain information concerning wood utilization in prehistoric periods in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we attempted to identify a total of 372 wooden remains from the Ainu Culture Period (A.D. 1200-1700) excavated at the Tokorogawa Estuary Site. The wooden remains included 23 taxa/species, and their proportion differed markedly. Most (276 specimens) of the 372 specimens were classified into timbers used in pit dwellings or other constructions on the basis of their shape and size. Salix was the most commonly used timbers (nearly 40 %). Such a common use of Salix is characteristic of the wooden remains examined, when compared with wooden remains in other periods at and around this site, and with those in the same culture periods in the other regions of Hokkaido. It was also notable that conifers were uncommonly used (4 %), when compared with wooden remains in other periods at and around this site. Two taxa (Fagus and Larix) that did not exist in this region were included. It seems likely that these remains had been introduced to this site by human activity in the era. Comparison of stake-like wooden remains (column shaped stem pieces with pointed ends) between narrower class (less than 5 cm in diameter) and wider class (5 cm and more in diameter), showed that Salix was the most common (43 %) in the narrower class while Quercus was most common (40 %) in the wider class. The shapes of pointed ends of the stake-like pieces were characteristic in each taxon/species and depended on their diameter.

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