FONT SIZE:
オーストラリアにおける遠隔教育学校の新たな役割
青木, 麻衣子;伊井, 義人
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/78787
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.136.163
KEYWORDS : 遠隔教育;遠隔教育学校;放送学校;社会的公正;多様な教育ニーズ;オーストラリア;Distance education;School of distance education;School of the air;Social justice in education;Diversification of students;Australia
Abstract
日本の約20倍という広大な国土を持つオーストラリアでは，遠隔地域に居住し，一般の学校には就学が困難な子どもが一定数存在する。そのような物理的「距離」の壁を克服し，学校教育の機会を保障するために，同国で100年以上も前に設置されたのが，遠隔教育学校である。郵便，短波ラジオ，電話，インターネットなど，時代を追うごとに通信手段は刷新され，かつ，その対象も，遠隔地域に住む子ども達のみならず，医学的理由，学習困難，多様なライフスタイル，不登校や退学等，さまざまな状態にある子ども達へとその範囲を拡大してきた。しかし，その根底には一貫して，なんらかの理由で「孤立」する児童生徒の教育機会の保障・均等化，およびその質的向上といった，学校教育における「社会的公正」の実現という使命があった。本稿では，遠隔教育学校の展開を文献資料と現地調査で得た情報から整理し，その役割の変遷を明らかにする。また，それにより近年，遠隔教育学校が直面する課題についても検討したい。
Australia has a vast land area about 20 times that of Japan, and a certain number of children living in remote and very remote areas inside of the country and not having access to local schools due to the geographic isolations. In order to overcome such physical 'distance' obstacles and ensure the opportunities for school education for every student, the system of distance education was established more than 100 years ago at around the same time that the Federal Government was set up in the country. Communication methods in distance education such as postal, radio, telephone, and the Internet have been renewed with each passing era, and the target students have been extended not only for children living in remote areas but also for medical reasons, learning difficulties, diverse lifestyles and so on. In other words, diversification of learners has progressed with the times. However, the schools of distance education have always had a mission to achieve "social justice" in school education, through ensuring and equalizing educational opportunities for pupils who are geographically and socially "isolated" for some reasons and improving their quality. In this paper, we would like to consider the development of the schools of distance education through the literature review and information obtained through our field surveys conducted in 2018, and make clear the issues facing the schools of distance education in recent years especially due to the diversification of students.
Australia has a vast land area about 20 times that of Japan, and a certain number of children living in remote and very remote areas inside of the country and not having access to local schools due to the geographic isolations. In order to overcome such physical 'distance' obstacles and ensure the opportunities for school education for every student, the system of distance education was established more than 100 years ago at around the same time that the Federal Government was set up in the country. Communication methods in distance education such as postal, radio, telephone, and the Internet have been renewed with each passing era, and the target students have been extended not only for children living in remote areas but also for medical reasons, learning difficulties, diverse lifestyles and so on. In other words, diversification of learners has progressed with the times. However, the schools of distance education have always had a mission to achieve "social justice" in school education, through ensuring and equalizing educational opportunities for pupils who are geographically and socially "isolated" for some reasons and improving their quality. In this paper, we would like to consider the development of the schools of distance education through the literature review and information obtained through our field surveys conducted in 2018, and make clear the issues facing the schools of distance education in recent years especially due to the diversification of students.
FULL TEXT:PDF