Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80880

本稿は、土地商租権に関する日中間の紛争を代表する榊原農場鉄道撤去事件を取り上げて検討し、同事件をめぐって林久治郎の対中国交渉を分析することにより、在奉天総領事の側から土地商租権問題の特質を考察するものである。また、同事件に端を発して成立した遼寧省国民外交協会の活動を分析し、民間の視点から土地商租権問題を総体的に解明したい。鉄道撤去事件を契機に、中国では排日運動の波が東三省に押し寄せ、全国で急激な国権回収運動が展開されたのに対し、日本政府は積極的な大陸政策を展開し、中国への軍事的・政治的干渉を深めた。行き詰った商租権問題を解決するために、林は地方の土地紛争を意図的に激化させ、張に圧力をかけながら、実力行使など強硬手段で日本の既得権益を擁護しようと考えた。鉄道撤去事件の解決交渉に、林は中国側の抗議を無視し、中国側の排日運動や商租権妨害運動を断固鎮圧すべきだと主張した。他方で、遼寧省政府、遼寧交渉署は総領事館に再三抗議を行ったが、高揚した排日運動を抑えて比較的穏健な対日方針をとった。その原因を、当時の張学良政権は対ソ交渉に重点をおくこと、外交交渉の権限を漸次に地方政府から国民政府外交部に移すこと、及び張は対日強硬策が日本に干渉を許す口実を与えることを憂慮したことに求められる。外交協会は東北当局の怠慢や軟弱な態度を激しく批判し、日本の土地収奪に様々の対抗策を考究した。だが、現実には、外交協会の活動はある程度制限され、榊原農場問題も未解決のまま残された。
This paper examines the Sakakibara farm railway removal incident, which represents a Japan-China dispute over the land Lease Issue. By analyzing Hayashiʼs negotiations with China over the case, we will examine the characteristics of the land Lease Issue from the angle of the Consul General of Japan. In addition, by analyzing the activities of the Liaoning Provincial Foreign Relations Association, which was formed after the incident, the Land Lease Issue is clarified from a private point of view. Following the railway removal incident, In China, the wave of the anti-Japanese movement is rushing to the eastern three provinces, whereas a rapid national rights collection movement was deployed nationwide, the Japanese government has developed a proactive continental policy, deepened military and political interference with China. In order to solve the stalled commercial rights issue, Hayashi deliberately intensified the land conflict in the region and, while exerting pressure on Zhang, wanted to defend Japanʼs vested interests by means of strong force. Hayashi argued that China should disregard Chinaʼs protests and firmly suppress Chinaʼs anti-Japanese movements and business rights obstruction movements when negotiating a solution to the railway removal incident. On the other hand, the Liaoning Provincial Government and the Liaoning Foreign Affairs Negotiation Office made repeated protests to the Consulate General but held a relatively moderate policy toward Japan by suppressing the rising anti-Japanese movement. The reason for this is that the Zhang XueLiang administration at that time focused on negotiations with the Soviet Union, gradually shifting the power of diplomatic negotiations from the local government to the diplomatic affairs of the national government, and Zhang is worried that his hard-line policy against Japan will give Japan an excuse to allow interference. The Diplomatic Association strongly condemned the negligence and weakness of the Northeast authorities and devised various measures against Japanʼs land seizure. However, in reality, the activities of the Diplomatic Association were limited to some extent, leaving the Sakakibara Farm problem unsolved.