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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the concept of a metaphor by Paul de Man. A metaphor generally seems opposed to strict thought. A thinker as Locke criticized a metaphor for its meaning. But from the angle of the self-reference Paul de Man marks the function of the metaphor. By this method he estimates a metaphor highly and develops its possibility. A metaphor involves "cutoff" and "connection" process at the same time while duplicating the meaning of the expression. In other words, a metaphor functions as inconsistent two at the same time. A language reproduces oneself by this way and does a self-controlled movement. This feature enables that a language regards itself as a metaphor. Paul de Man participates in the thinking genealogy of Nietzsche and Derrida on this point.