北海道大学大学院教育学研究院紀要 = Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University;第138号

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母子世帯と社会的孤立 : ソーシャルサポートの側面から

江, 楠

Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/82168
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.138.251
KEYWORDS : 母子世帯;社会的孤立;ソーシャルサポート;情緒的サポート;手段的サポート;Single mothers;Social isolation;Social support;Means support;Emotional support

Abstract

 本稿では,母子世帯を,困ったことがある時に親が「頼りになる」,「頼りにならない」,「親はいない」の3つのグループに分けた上で,各世帯における,親および親以外の人からの受領サポートと情緒的・手段的サポートの状況を確認した。また,母子世帯の緊急時の支援の有無と経済的困難の重なりについても確認した。  以下の3点が指摘できる。第1に母子世帯は親と親以外の人からの受領サポートでは,親からの援助が重要な役割を担う一方で,親からの援助が得られないかつ,親以外に頼りになる人もない世帯が一定数存在した。第2に多くの母子世帯は相談相手という情緒的サポートでは,家族・親せき以外のサポートも利用するが,世話を頼む相手という手段的サポートでは,ほとんど家族・親せきに頼り,家族・親せき以外の人や制度を頼るものは少なかった。第3に経済状況が厳しく,かつ,緊急時の支援者がいないという困難が重なっている世帯が一定数存在した。
 The purpose of this study is to evaluate social support, namely, support(from parents or individuals who are non-parents), means and emotional support among single mothers. These mothers are been segregated into three main groups based on how their parents respond to their needs ("dependable", "unreliable", or "pass on") when they are faced with problems or difficulties. In addition, this study also investigates the overlap between single-mothers’ emergency support (whether they have someone to look after their children or take care of themselves when they are sick) and their economic conditions (good or bad).  This study reveals 3 main results. Firstly, in the case of support (from parents or individuals who are non-parents), single-mothers’ parent support plays an important role. However, there are a certain number of single mothers who have no one to rely on. Secondly, many single mothers receive informal support as a form of emotional support from non-family members. On the other hand, for means support, there is a high tendency that the mothers seek support from their families and only a small group of them receive support from non-family members and other institutions. Lastly, there are also many single mothers who are struggling to make ends meet and at the risk of receiving no support in time of emergency.

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