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アイヌ語復興の可能性としての「言語の巣」
野崎, 剛毅
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/82179
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.138.55
KEYWORDS : 言語の巣;コハンガ・レオ;先住民族;アイヌ;言語保障;Language nests;Te Kōhanga Reo;Indigenous peoples;Ainu;Language protection or language security
Abstract
本稿では，ニュージーランドから広まり，世界中の先住民族言語の復興に大きな成果をあげているといわれる「言語の巣」の歴史や展開，実態を明らかにし，そのアイヌ語への適用可能性を検討する。世界各地の言語の巣の実態をみたうえで，日本の状況やアイヌ語がおかれている現状と照らし合わせてみると，制度面では言語の巣の規模や卒園後の継続教育の機会，言語習得が職業へ結びつく環境の整備といった課題が明らかになった。またソフト面では，教師の育成が喫緊の課題として指摘された。一方，アイヌ語はすでに正字法が確立し，他地域に比べると絵本や教材，音声データの蓄積が豊富であるといったアドバンテージもあった。アイヌを題材とした作品のヒットや民族共生象徴空間「ウポポイ」の開業によりアイヌ文化，アイヌ語への関心も高まっており，アイヌ語言語の巣の実現は決して不可能なものではない。
This paper clarifies the history, development, and reality of "language nests" that are said to have a significant impact on the revival of indigenous peoples, and examines whether they can be applied to the promotion of the Ainu language, which is considered to be in danger of extinction. The Language Nest is an initiative to raise indigenous children to be bilingual in the majority language by providing childcare using only the language of the indigenous people. It summarized the global movement toward the protection of indigenous languages and discussed the theoretical justification for the protection of indigenous languages. It then summarized the actual state of language nests in various parts of the world that spread from New Zealand to the rest of the world. Then, referring to the situation of the Ainu language, the feasibility of language nests was examined. As a result, the following issues became clear. The scale of the language nest must be much smaller than that of a Japanese kindergarten or nursery school. Opportunities for continuing education after graduation should be guaranteed. Establishing occupations that allow the use of the Ainu language. To change the mindset that English should be learned rather than Ainu. In terms of management, the challenge is to train Ainu language teachers in a situation where there are very few people who can speak the language fluently. On the other hand, the Ainu language is advantageous in that it has an orthography and a wealth of picture books, texts, and audio data. There is also a growing interest in Ainu culture and the Ainu language. I believe that a nest of Ainu languages is not impossible to achieve.
This paper clarifies the history, development, and reality of "language nests" that are said to have a significant impact on the revival of indigenous peoples, and examines whether they can be applied to the promotion of the Ainu language, which is considered to be in danger of extinction. The Language Nest is an initiative to raise indigenous children to be bilingual in the majority language by providing childcare using only the language of the indigenous people. It summarized the global movement toward the protection of indigenous languages and discussed the theoretical justification for the protection of indigenous languages. It then summarized the actual state of language nests in various parts of the world that spread from New Zealand to the rest of the world. Then, referring to the situation of the Ainu language, the feasibility of language nests was examined. As a result, the following issues became clear. The scale of the language nest must be much smaller than that of a Japanese kindergarten or nursery school. Opportunities for continuing education after graduation should be guaranteed. Establishing occupations that allow the use of the Ainu language. To change the mindset that English should be learned rather than Ainu. In terms of management, the challenge is to train Ainu language teachers in a situation where there are very few people who can speak the language fluently. On the other hand, the Ainu language is advantageous in that it has an orthography and a wealth of picture books, texts, and audio data. There is also a growing interest in Ainu culture and the Ainu language. I believe that a nest of Ainu languages is not impossible to achieve.
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