open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/100435

Surface-Modified Waste Scallop Shell as a Flocculant and an Optical Method for Evaluating Flocculation Performance

英語

Clarification efficiency

2026-04-14

MDPI

Separations

13(4)

Surface modified waste scallop shells were investigated as a solid flocculant for removing suspended particles, and a light transmission method was examined as a simple approach for evaluating flocculation behavior. Kaolin suspensions (3, 5, 1 0 g/L, pH 6.95 7.05) were used as model wastewater. Temporal changes in transmitted light intensity were monitored using a white LED sensor optical system after agitation of the suspension was stopped. The transmitted light intensity 𝐼 was normalized by t he intensity measured for particle free water 𝐼0 ), and an optical extinction index 𝐴 = −log 10 𝐼 𝐼0 ) was used to describe the attenuation of light in the suspension. An apparent clarification rate (rate of change in optical extinction) v was defined fr om the initial decrease in the optical extinction index and used as an operational kinetic parameter for comparing flocculation behavior under identical conditions. The results showed that the surface modified scallop shell particles exhibited measurable f locculation activity toward kaolin suspensions, although the performance was lower than that of commercial polymer flocculants. The optical transmission method enabled continuous monitoring of the flocculation process and provided a practical index for com paring flocculation performance of different materials.

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

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© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

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