open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/38961

Efficacy of Guava (Psidium Guajava) Extract Against Some Fish and Shrimp Pathogenic Agents

英語

1997

Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society

Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. III

359-363

Third Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. 1996. Bangkok, Thailand.

Guava (Psidium guajava) extract was tested for anti viral activity against the fish pathogenic viruses, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) using plaque reduction in CHSE-214 cell lines. Anti viral tests against the shrimp pathogenic virus, yellow-head virus (YHV), was carried out using the injection method. The efficacy of guava extract was also determined using MIC of the extract against 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria including; Vibrio harveyi (9 strains), V. splendidus (7 strains), V. parahaemolyticus (2 strains) and 1 strain of each V. mimicus, V. vulnificus, V. fluvialis, V. chorelae, V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. A toxicity test of the extract was performed with CHSE-214 cell lines and post larvae 15 of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The efficacy of guava extract for the prevention of viral disease and bacterial disease in aquatic animals was estimated using YHV infection in black tiger shrimp and A. hydrophila infection in catfish, respectively. The extract of guava demonstrated anti viral activity against IHNV, OMV and YHV but was not effective for IPNV. Furthermore, the MIC of the extract ranged from 625 - 5,000 μg/ml against all pathogenic bacterial strains tested. The 50% cytotoxicity of the extract to CHSE-214 was 1,923 μg/ml while the LD50 of the extract to black tiger shrimp post larvae was 2,968 ± 3.8 μg/ml. These results show that guava extract has low toxicity to salmon cell lines and black tiger shrimp. Moreover, the extract is effective for prevention of bacterial infection in catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) while not suitable for prevention of yellow-head virus infection in black tiger shrimp. From these results, guava can be recommended for treatment of bacterial disease in fish. The route of administration and effective dose should be determined before their efficacy can be tested in field trials.

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