open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/43127

SST-Forced and Internal Variability of the Atmosphere in an Ensemble GCM Simulation

英語

2010-03-19

Meteorological Society of Japan

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

88(1)

43-62

A 20-member ensemble simulation has been conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model to investigate the time-space characteristics of the leading modes of internal and SST-forced variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere. Each of the 20 integrations is forced by the identical global sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice history observed for 1959-1998, and differs only in the initial conditions. A variance analysis is performed to quantify the relative importance of the SST-forced and internal variability. In the extratropics, the SST-forced signals are much higher in the North Pacific than in the North Atlantic where month-to-month and interannual variability is dominated by internal chaos. The leading empirical orthogonal function mode resembles the Arctic Oscillation (AO) for both the internal and ensemble-mean variability but with significant differences in correlation between the Pacific and Atlantic centers of action. The Pacific-Atlantic correlation is significantly higher for the ensemble mean than for all but one member integration. The correlation between the Arctic and midlatitude North Atlantic, by contrast, is higher in individual member runs than in the ensemble-mean. These results suggest that SST-forced variability is organized into a hemispheric AO pattern while internal variability is more confined in the North Atlantic sector. Seasonal air-sea interactions in the North Pacific and Atlantic are also discussed.

学術雑誌論文

Version of Record

0026-1165