open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/5038

On the Enserfment of Peasants in Muscovy Late in the Sixteenth Century : B. D. Grekov's Theory in Soviet Historiography

日本語

1974

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

Slavic Studies

19

1-33

As regards B. D. Grekov's theory on the enserfment of peasants in Muscovy, the present paper deals with the following points : (1) It was under the influence of S. F. Platonov and from the non-Marxist point of view that, in the 1920's, Grekov built up for the first time his theory on the enserfment of the Muscovite peasantry : a theory that the most important step toward the enserfment was marked by the 'prohibited years' enforced after 1580/81. (2) In his later works, 1933-34,Grekov reasserted his theory with no major substantial modification, but, now as a Marxist historian, he did so using a Marxist phraseology. (3) From 1937 to 1940,Grekov's theory found general acceptance in all the grades of schoolbooks of Istoriia SSSR. But the schoolbooks such as P. I. Liashchenko's Istoriia narodnogo khoziaistva SSSR (1939) and S. V. Jushkov's Istoriia gosudarstva i prava SSSR (1940) were free from being influenced by Grekov's theory. (4) In 1940,N. S. Chaev published a thesis, in which he asserted that the most important step toward the enserfment had been marked by the national registration of lands, 1581-1592,and the enforcement of the 'prohibited years' had been only an auxiliary to the policy of registration. Chaev was accepted by Liashenko in the second edition of his textbook (1947) and by Jushkov in the third edition (1950). Moreover, the college text of Istoriia SSSR (1956) came also to be much influened by Chaev's thesis. But Grekov himself had ever paid no attention to it at all during his lifetime.

紀要論文

Version of Record

0562-6579

AN0012574X