open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/58422

Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes

英語

2014-10

American Meteorological Society

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

53(10)

2232-2245

The liquid water fraction of individual snowflakes f is an important parameter when calculating the radar reflectivity of a melting layer. A ground-based observation of fat Nagaoka, Japan, was conducted by using dye-treated filter papers that were kept at a temperature of 0 degrees C. From the results of these measurements, which consisted of 6179 particles taken with 44 sheets of filter paper, two empirical relationships are proposed. The first is a relationship between the ratio of liquid water flux to total precipitation intensity (F-L; taking values from 0 to 1) and meteorological surface data. The second is a relationship to estimate fusing the melted diameter of a snowflake, median mass diameter, and F-L. It was determined that the root-mean-square errors for estimating F-L and f by using these relationships were 0.160 and 0.144, respectively. It was also found that the ratio of raindrop flux to the total precipitation intensity F-R was always below 0.1 when F-L was less than 0.6 but increased rapidly when F-L exceeded 0.8.

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