open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/62392

UGT Xenobiotic metabolizing activity and genetic evolution in Pinniped species

英語

wildlife

2015-10

Oxford University Press

Toxicological Sciences

147(2)

360-369

There are various interspecies differences in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. It is known that cats show slow glucuronidation of drugs such as acetaminophen and strong side effects due to the UGT1A6 pseudogene. Recently, the UGT1A6 pseudogene was found in the Northern elephant seal and Otariidae was suggested to be UGT1A6-deficient. From the results of measurements of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity using liver microsomes, the Steller sea lion, Northern fur seal, and Caspian seal showed UGT activity toward 1-hydroxypyrene and acetaminophen as low as in cats, which was significantly lower than in rat and dog. Furthermore, UGT1A6 pseudogenes were found in Steller sea lion and Northern fur seal, and all Otariidae species were suggested to have the UGT1A6 pseudogene. The UGT1 family genes appear to have undergone birth-and-death evolution based on a phylogenetic and synteny analysis of the UGT1 family in mammals including Carnivora. UGT1A2-1A5 and UGT1A7-1A10 are paralogous genes to UGT1A1 and UGTA6, respectively, and their numbers were lower in cat, ferret and Pacific walrus than in human, rat, and dog. Felidae and Pinnipedia, which are less exposed to natural xenobiotics such as plant-derived toxins due to their carnivorous diet, have experienced fewer gene duplications of xenobiotic-metabolizing UGT genes, and even possess UGT1A6 pseudogenes. Artificial environmental pollutants and drugs conjugated by UGT are increasing dramatically, and their elimination to the environment can be of great consequence to cat and Pinnipedia species, whose low xenobiotic glucuronidation capacity makes them highly sensitive to these compounds.

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Toxicological Sciences following peer review. The version of record Kakehi Mayu, Ikenaka Yoshinori, Nakayama Shouta M. M., Kawai Yusuke K., Watanabe Kensuke P., Mizukawa Hazuki, Nomiyama Kei, Tanabe Shinsuke and Ishizuka Mayumi. Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Xenobiotic Metabolizing Activity and Genetic Evolution in Pinniped Species. Toxicological Sciences, 147(2): 360-369, 2015 is available online at: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/147/2/360

1096-6080

1096-0929

AA1154439X