open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/68357

Hydroid Fauna of Japanese and its Adjacent Waters

英語

1959-11

Akkeshi Marine Biological Station

Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station

9

2-101

This paper is a list of the hydroid species known from Japanese and its adjacent waters, from the Sea of Okhotsk to Formosa, with the synonymy, distribution and some notes for each species. The species here treated comprise the marine and brackish forms of the Orders Athecata (Anthomedusae) and Thecata (Leptomedusae), those of which only the medusa stage is known from Japan being excluded. The freshwater forms and the Order Limnomedusae are not treated in the list. The early literature on the hydroid fauna of Japanese waters appeared about a century ago, basing on the small collections of some foreigners. Stimpson (1859) was first to describe Hycdractinia sodalis (=Hydrissa sodalis) from Hakodate, Hokkaido. Following Stimpson, Kirchenpauer (1872, 1884) , Allman (1876, 1883, 1888), Mereschkowsky (1878), Marktanner (1890) , etc. successively published reports on Japanese hydroids. The first worker who studied rather thoroughly Japanese hydroids was Inaba. In 1890-1892 he published several papers on the hydroids from Misaki, Kishu and Shima, and recorded 47 species, most of which, however, were not exactly determined. Some years later Jäderholm (1896, 1902, 1903) reported several species from several different localities of Japan, but some of his new species were described without recognizing Inaba's papers. Incidental to Doflein's Far East Expedition, Japanese waters, especially Sagami Bay, were explored in the years 1904-1905. Much material of hydroids was included in this collection. These hydroid specimens were handed to Stechow who published two excellent papers (1909, 1913a) about them. In these reports he described totally 91 species, including members of 2 new genera, Hydrichthella and Hydrocoryne, and also reproduced in them Inaba's original descriptions which were translated into English by Goto after careful consult with Stechow. Linko (1911, 1912) and Kudelin (1914) studied the hydroid materials from Russian coasts including the Far East and recorded many species from the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka. In 1919 Jäderholm reported Japanese hydroids again, and 73 species were recorded by him from Misaki, Kyushu and the Bonin Islands. After some additional species were recorded by Stechow from some localities of Japan, he published in 1923 a check-list of the everknown Japanese hydroids, including 211 species and 7 varieties, of which 30 athecates and 188 thecates were enumerated. In his large works (1919a, 1923a) Stechow attempted changes in hydroid nomenclature to the greatest extreme. He discarded most of old established generic names and introduced so many new ones. The new names were adopted also in the above list of Japanese hydroids. Beginning from 1924 Uchida has published a number of papers on Japanese hydromedusae. His attention has also been paid for hydroids and several species of athecate hydroids, including Climacococlon have been treated by him. He reported also 17 hydroids from Mutsu Bay, northern Japan, together with Stechow in 1931. Fraser (1935, 1936) and Leloup (1938, 1940) who studied some materials from Sagami Bay described some new species from Japan. Recently the author has been engaged in studies on Japanese hydroids under the guidance of Prof. T. Uchida and reported the hydroids from Akkeshi and other regions. In addition to the above described works a number of small papers which treated one or, at the most, several species of Japanese hydroids, have been published. The author, however, is not prepared to resume here about each of them. Thanking above mentioned literature the hydroicl fauna of Japanese and its adjacent waters ha s been fairly well known. Unfortunately, however, our knowledge on their life history is at present too little for unifying two different systems of polypoid and medusa. Nevertheless I attempt with some efforts in this paper a possible rearrangement of families and genera in this respect of unisystem, within our modern knowledge. As is clear in the following list of species, 315 species and 7 varieties are contained here, which are divided into 28 families. Neither species nor varieties are newly described or recorded here. Of a rather large number of species among them, lt has been impossible to examine the specimens for myself. These species were considered only through literature and are indicated with asterisks in the following list. The author wishes to acknowledge here his great indebtedness to Prof. Tohru Uchida for his kind guidance.

紀要論文

Version of Record

0439-349X

AA00795172