The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in "Nonendemic" Regions of Zambia (1989-2015) : Implications for Disease Prevention and Control.

Simulundu, Edgar; Lubaba, Caesar H; van Heerden, Juanita; Kajihara, Masahiro; Mataa, Liywalii; Chambaro, Herman Moses; Sinkala, Yona; Munjita, Samuel Munalula; Munang'andu, Hetron Mweemba; Nalubamba, King Shimumbo; Samui, Kenny; Pandey, Girja Shanker; Takada, Ayato; Mweene, Aaron S

The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in "Nonendemic" Regions of Zambia (1989-2015) : Implications for Disease Prevention and Control.

Simulundu, Edgar; Lubaba, Caesar H; van Heerden, Juanita et al.

Viruses, 2017, 9(9), 236

Permalink : https://hdl.handle.net/2115/68464

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アクセス権	open access
URI	https://hdl.handle.net/2115/68464
タイトル	The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in "Nonendemic" Regions of Zambia (1989-2015) : Implications for Disease Prevention and Control.
著者	Simulundu, Edgar ; Lubaba, Caesar H ; van Heerden, Juanita ; Kajihara, Masahiro ; Mataa, Liywalii ; Chambaro, Herman Moses ; Sinkala, Yona ; Munjita, Samuel Munalula ; Munang'andu, Hetron Mweemba ; Nalubamba, King Shimumbo ; Samui, Kenny ; Pandey, Girja Shanker ; Takada, Ayato ; Mweene, Aaron S
著者名 Simulundu, Edgar
著者名 Lubaba, Caesar H
著者名 van Heerden, Juanita
著者名 Kajihara, Masahiro
著者名 Mataa, Liywalii
著者名 Chambaro, Herman Moses
著者名 Sinkala, Yona
著者名 Munjita, Samuel Munalula
著者名 Munang'andu, Hetron Mweemba
著者名 Nalubamba, King Shimumbo
著者名 Samui, Kenny
著者名 Pandey, Girja Shanker
e-Rad_Researcher 10292062 著者名 Takada, Ayato
著者名 Mweene, Aaron S
言語	英語
キーワード	Asfarviridae
	African swine fever
	domestic pigs
	phylogenetic analysis
	molecular epidemiology
	Zambia
発行日	2017-08-23
出版者	MDPI
収録物名	Viruses
巻(号)	9(9)
ページ	236
抄録	African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic disease of swine. In Zambia, ASF was first reported in 1912 in Eastern Province and is currently believed to be endemic in that province only. Strict quarantine measures implemented at the Luangwa River Bridge, the only surface outlet from Eastern Province, appeared to be successful in restricting the disease. However, in 1989, an outbreak occurred for the first time outside the endemic province. Sporadic outbreaks have since occurred almost throughout the country. These events have brought into acute focus our limited understanding of the epidemiology of ASF in Zambia. Here, we review the epidemiology of the disease in areas considered nonendemic from 1989 to 2015. Comprehensive sequence analysis conducted on genetic data of ASF viruses (ASFVs) detected in domestic pigs revealed that p72 genotypes I, II, VIII and XIV have been involved in causing ASF outbreaks in swine during the study period. With the exception of the 1989 outbreak, we found no concrete evidence of dissemination of ASFVs from Eastern Province to other parts of the country. Our analyses revealed a complex epidemiology of the disease with a possibility of sylvatic cycle involvement. Trade and/or movement of pigs and their products, both within and across international borders, appear to have been the major factor in ASFV dissemination. Since ASFVs with the potential to cause countrywide and possibly regional outbreaks, could emerge from "nonendemic regions", the current ASF control policy in Zambia requires a dramatic shift to ensure a more sustainable pig industry.
資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
出版タイプ	Version of Record
権利情報	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
権利情報	© 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
EISSN	1999-4915
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	出版社版DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/v9090236