open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/71203

Gypsum precipitation enhanced by electrokinetic method and porewater chemistry in compacted montmorillonite

英語

Diffusion

2018-09-01

Elsevier

Applied clay science

161

482-493

An understanding of chemical reactions in bentonite is important in completing a reliable safety assessment of the geological disposal of radioactive waste. In the present study, porewater chemistry and calcium reactivity in a compacted Na/Ca-mixed montmorillonite is explored through a gypsum precipitation reaction enhanced using an electrokinetic method. Results showed that CaSO4 was sparsely precipitated as gypsum in up to 300-mu m aggregates, and grew into the montmorillonite texture. A threshold ionic equivalent fraction of calcium, X-ca, of the Na/Ca-mixed montmorillonite in the gypsum precipitation was experimentally found to be within a range between X-ca = 0.1 and X-ca = 0.25 under a dry density of 1.0 kg/dm(3) saturated with 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution. The saturation indices of gypsum for specimens following the precipitation experiments were evaluated based on a model including anion exclusion and cation exchange (Gains-Thomas selectivity coefficients, K-GT) between the montmorillonite and interparticle solution using the PHREEQC code. Gypsum precipitation regions obtained from the precipitation experiments are in good agreement with regions in which the saturation indices are greater than zero when assuming K-GT = 200, which is much greater than the K-GT = 4.9 reported from the batch experiment. The greater K-GT value implied in this study indicates that the thermodynamic properties of confined solutions are different from those of diluted or bulk solutions. The reason for the K-GT deviation remains unresolved; however, the precipitation tendency of gypsum may be explained by a model including anion exclusion and cation exchange between the montmorillonite and the interparticle solution when an adequate K-GT value is used in the calculation.

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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

© 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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