Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering

Mars, Kamel; Lioe, De Xing; Kawahito, Shoji; Yasutomi, Keita; Kagawa, Keiichiro; Yamada, Takahiro; Hashimoto, Mamoru

Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering

Mars, Kamel; Lioe, De Xing; Kawahito, Shoji et al.

Sensors, 2017, 17(11), 2581

Permalink : https://hdl.handle.net/2115/73470

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論文情報

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アクセス権	open access
URI	https://hdl.handle.net/2115/73470
タイトル	Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering
著者	Mars, Kamel ; Lioe, De Xing ; Kawahito, Shoji ; Yasutomi, Keita ; Kagawa, Keiichiro ; Yamada, Takahiro ; Hashimoto, Mamoru
著者名 Mars, Kamel
著者名 Lioe, De Xing
著者名 Kawahito, Shoji
著者名 Yasutomi, Keita
著者名 Kagawa, Keiichiro
著者名 Yamada, Takahiro
著者名 Hashimoto, Mamoru
言語	英語
キーワード	CMOS image sensor
	stimulated Raman scattering
	lock-in pixel
	Raman shift
	low-noise
	high-speed modulation
発行日	2017
出版者	MDPI
収録物名	Sensors
巻(号)	17(11)
ページ	2581
抄録	Raman imaging eliminates the need for staining procedures, providing label-free imaging to study biological samples. Recent developments in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have achieved fast acquisition speed and hyperspectral imaging. However, there has been a problem of lack of detectors suitable for MHz modulation rate parallel detection, detecting multiple small SRS signals while eliminating extremely strong offset due to direct laser light. In this paper, we present a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor using high-speed lock-in pixels for stimulated Raman scattering that is capable of obtaining the difference of Stokes-on and Stokes-off signal at modulation frequency of 20 MHz in the pixel before reading out. The generated small SRS signal is extracted and amplified in a pixel using a high-speed and large area lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) employing two-step ion implantation and an in-pixel pair of low-pass filter, a sample and hold circuit and a switched capacitor integrator using a fully differential amplifier.A prototype chip is fabricated using 0.11 m CMOS image sensor technology process. SRS spectra and images of stearic acid and 3T3-L1 samples are successfully obtained. The outcomes suggest that hyperspectral and multi-focus SRS imaging at video rate is viable after slight modifications to the pixel architecture and the acquisition system.
資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
出版タイプ	Version of Record
権利情報	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
EISSN	1424-8220
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	出版社版DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112581