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# [drf:235] Fwd: [SOAF] Mandate for Public Access to NIH-Funded Research Poised to Become Law

- Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2007 13:40:01 +0900

    みなさま

    　金沢　内島です。

    　月曜日にポストしたアメリカのＮＩＨの義務化法案が無事上院で修正なしで認可されたようです。
    これで後は、上下院での共同による最終案の作成と大統領の承認を待つことになります。ここで拒否
    権が発動されなければ、法律となります。

    　これはとても大きな意味があり、たぶん欧米のオープンアクセス運動のマイルストーンになるの
    ではないでしょうか。もっともハーナッドらから見ると、機関リポジトリではなく、セントラルリ
    ポジトリに対する登録の義務化であるところがイニシャチブとしては不十分と言う事になりそうで
    す。すべての研究成果を網羅するのは研究者の所属機関であり、機関が研究成果をセルフアーカイ
    ブするのがもっとも合理的である、セントラルリポジトリは機関リポジトリからハーベスティング
    すればよい、というのがハーナッドの主張です。

    　ちなみに、ＮＩＨの年間予算は、2005年予算で280億ドル、142カ国の総国民生産より大きく、こ
    の法律によってカバーされる査読済み論文の総数は、月産5500論文になるとのことです。日本人の
    研究者も多数滞在していますが、グラントの取得者はほとんどいないという話を聞いたことがあり
    あます。
    ＊引用 Peter Suber「Open access in the USA」
     (「Open Access:Key Strategic, Techinical and Economical Aspects」Key Perspective p.156）

    　PubMedの日本の研究者（だけでなくすべてのライフサイエンス系の研究者）に対する視認性は極
    めて高く、（PubMedを通した）PubMed Centralの利用により、オープンアクセスの意味を実感する
    ことができる実証的なアーカイブが今後形成される可能性が高まったことになります。これができ
    れば、12ヶ月のエンバーゴ付きですが、オープンアクセス論文の引用アドバンテージなど色々な実
    証（あるは反証）が可能にもなるでしょうか？

    　＊Open Access Japanの記事　　http://www.openaccessjapan.com/2007/10/nih-pap.html

    Jennifer McLennan さんのコメントを転送します:
    Alliance for Taxpayer Access
    www.taxpayeraccess.org

    For immediate release
    October 24, 2007

    Contact:
    Jennifer McLennan
    jennifer [at] arl [dot] org
    (202) 296-2296 ext. 121

    MANDATE FOR PUBLIC ACCESS TO NIH-FUNDED RESEARCH
    POISED TO BECOME LAW

    Full U.S. Senate Approves Bill Containing Support for Access To
    Taxpayer-Funded Research

    Washington, D.C. ュ October 24, 2007 - The U.S. Senate last night approved
    the FY2008 Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations Bill (S.1710), including
    a provision that directs the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to
    strengthen its Public Access Policy by requiring rather than requesting
    participation by researchers. The bill will now be reconciled with the House
    Appropriations Bill, which contains a similar provision, in another step
    toward support for public access to publicly funded research becoming United
    States law.

    ウLast nightケs Senate action is a milestone victory for public access to
    taxpayer-funded research,イ said Heather Joseph, Executive Director of SPARC
    (the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, a founding
    member of the ATA). ウThis policy sets the stage for researchers, patients,
    and the general public to benefit in new and important ways from our
    collective investment in the critical biomedical research conducted by the
    NIH.イ

    Under a mandatory policy, NIH-funded researchers will be required to deposit
    copies of eligible manuscripts into the National Library of Medicineケs
    online database, PubMed Central. Articles will be made publicly available no
    later than 12 months after publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

    The current NIH Public Access Policy, first implemented in 2005, is a
    voluntary measure and has resulted in a de deposit rate of less than 5% by
    individual investigators. The advance to a mandatory policy is the result of
    more than two years of monitoring and evaluation by the NIH, Congress, and
    the community.

    ウWe thank our Senators for taking action on this important issue,イ said Pat
    Furlong, Founding President and CEO of Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy.
    ウThis level of access to NIH-funded research will impact the disease process
    in novel ways, improving the ability of scientists to advance therapies and
    enabling patients and their advocates to participate more effectively. The
    advance is timely, much-needed, and ュ we anticipate ュ an indication of
    increasingly enhanced access in future.イ

    ウAmerican businesses will benefit tremendously from improved access to NIH
    research,イ said William Kovacs, U.S. Chamber of Commerce vice president for
    environment, technology and regulatory affairs. ウThe Chamber encourages the
    free and timely dissemination of scientific knowledge produced by the NIH as
    it will improve both the public and industryケs ability to become better
    informed on developments that impact them ュ and on opportunities for
    innovation.イ The Chamber is the worldケs largest business federation,
    representing more than three million businesses of every size, sector, and
    region.

    ウWe welcome the NIH policy being made mandatory and thank Congress for
    backing this important step,イ said Gary Ward, Treasurer of the American
    Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). ウFree and timely public access to
    scientific literature is necessary to ensure that new discoveries are made
    as quickly as feasible. Itケs the right thing to do, given that taxpayers
    fund this research.イ The ASCB represents 11,000 members and publishes the
    highly ranked peer-reviewed journal, Molecular Biology of the Cell.

    Joseph added, ウOn behalf of the taxpayers, patients, researchers, students,
    libraries, universities, and businesses that pressed this bill forward with
    their support over the past two years, the ATA thanks Congress for throwing
    its weight behind the success of taxpayer access to taxpayer-funded
    research.イ

    Negotiators from the House and Senate are expected to meet to reconcile
    their respective bills this fall. The final, consolidated bill will have to
    pass the House and the Senate before being delivered to the President at the
    end of the year.

    ###

    The Alliance for Taxpayer Access is a coalition of patient, academic,
    research, and publishing organizations that supports open public access to
    the results of federally funded research. The Alliance was formed in 2004 to
    urge that peer-reviewed articles stemming from taxpayer-funded research
    become fully accessible and available online at no extra cost to the
    American public. Details on the ATA may be found at
    http://www.taxpayeraccess.org.

    --------------------------
    Jennifer McLennan
    Director of Communications
    SPARC
    (The Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition)
    http://www.arl.org/sparc
    (202) 296-2296 ext 121
    jennifer ＠ xxxxxxx

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