Inhibition of competitive exclusion due to phytoplankton dispersion: a contribution for solving Hutchinson's paradox

Masuda, Yoshio; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro; Hirata, Takafumi; Nakano, Hideyuki; Kohyama, Takashi S.

Inhibition of competitive exclusion due to phytoplankton dispersion: a contribution for solving Hutchinson's paradox

Masuda, Yoshio; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro; Hirata, Takafumi et al.

Ecological modelling, 2020, 430, 109089

Permalink : https://hdl.handle.net/2115/78995

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アクセス権	open access
URI	https://hdl.handle.net/2115/78995
タイトル	Inhibition of competitive exclusion due to phytoplankton dispersion: a contribution for solving Hutchinson's paradox
著者	Masuda, Yoshio ; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro ; Hirata, Takafumi ; Nakano, Hideyuki ; Kohyama, Takashi S.
著者名 Masuda, Yoshio
e-Rad_Researcher 40242177 著者名 Yamanaka, Yasuhiro
e-Rad_Researcher 80576231 著者名 Hirata, Takafumi
e-Rad_Researcher 60370334 著者名 Nakano, Hideyuki
e-Rad_Researcher 60178233 著者名 Kohyama, Takashi S.
言語	英語
キーワード	Oceanic phytoplankton
	Limiting similarity
	Competitive exclusion
	Dispersion
	Ogcm(Oceanic General Circulation Model)
	species coexistence
発行日	2020-08-15
出版者	Elsevier
収録物名	Ecological modelling
巻(号)	430
ページ	109089
抄録	G. E. Hutchinson raised the paradox of how a number of phytoplankton species competing for the same resources are able to coexist in a relatively isotropic environment. As a key for solving the paradox, we focused on the limiting similarity which prohibits the coexistence of similar species. We expected that the limiting similarity will be mitigated by some factors which are not represented in traditional theoretical studies but can be represented if we use a three-dimensional (3D) model. The use of a 3D model enables us to explore the limiting similarity without using the controversial assumption connecting niche overlap with the competitive exclusion in previous theoretical studies. Furthermore, while constant or no dispersion is given in theoretical studies, it is explicitly represented in a 3D model. The coexistence of similar species in 3D environments was explored by dividing a target persistent species in a quasi-equilibrium community into 80 subspecies, which were slightly different from one another at the optimum temperature for population growth. In the experiments, we found cases in which several dozens of species having nearly-overlapping niches coexist stably at a point for over 80 years. The comparison of experiments with and without dispersion by oceanic currents revealed that dispersion negates the progress of competitive exclusion or significantly delays the exclusion. The result that species having nearly-overlapping niches are able to coexist also highlights the crucial role of the specific rate in determining the number of coexisting species. If the number of coexisting species is not determined by the limiting similarity, it will be determined by the frequency of speciation events, as in the neutral theory.
資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
出版タイプ	Version of Record
権利情報	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PISSN	0304-3800
NCID	AA00172373
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	出版社版DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109089