open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/83373

Basic concepts and unique features of human circadian rhythms : implications for human health

英語

Mastication

2020-11-26

Oxford University Press

Nutrition Reviews

78(Supplement_3)

91-96

Figure legendsの追補: Figure 2　Light phase-response curve. A light phase-response curve produced by a single 3-hour pulse of bright light (∼5000 lx). Subjects were housed in an isolation facility under free-running conditions. The phase-advance portion coincides with late subjective night and early subjective morning. The phase-delay portion coincides with early subjective night, and the middle of the subjective day is a dead-zone when bright light does not produce a significant phase shift (dead-zone). Reproduced from Honma and Honma (1988)16 and Minors et al (1991),17 with permission.

Most physiological functions and behaviors exhibit a robust approximately 24-hour rhythmicity (circadian rhythm) in the real world. These rhythms persist under constant conditions, but the period is slightly longer than 24 hours, suggesting that circadian rhythms are endogenously driven by an internal, self-sustained oscillator. In mammals, including humans, the central circadian pacemaker is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. The primary zeitgeber for this pacemaker is bright sunlight, but nonphotic time cues also affect circadian rhythms. The human circadian system uniquely exhibits spontaneous internal desynchronization between the sleep-wake cycle and core body temperature rhythm under constant conditions and partial entrainment of the sleep-wake cycle in response to nonphotic time cues. Experimental and clinical studies of human circadian rhythms must take into account these unique features. This review covers the basic concepts and unique features of the human circadian system, the mechanisms underlying phase adjustment of the circadian rhythms by light and nonphotic time cues (eg, physical exercise), and the effects of eating behavior (eg, chewing frequency) on the circadian rhythm of glucose metabolism.

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Nutrition Reviews following peer review. The version of record [Yujiro Yamanaka, Basic concepts and unique features of human circadian rhythms: implications for human health, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 78, Issue Supplement_3, December 2020, Pages 91–96] is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa072.

0029-6643

1753-4887

AA00760950