An unusually long Rift valley fever inter-epizootic period in Zambia : Evidence for enzootic virus circulation and risk for disease outbreak

Chambaro, Herman M.; Hirose, Kazuyo; Sasaki, Michihito et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022, 16(6), e0010420

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アクセス権
metadata only access
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/2115/86667
タイトル
An unusually long Rift valley fever inter-epizootic period in Zambia : Evidence for enzootic virus circulation and risk for disease outbreak
著者
Chambaro, Herman M. ; Hirose, Kazuyo ; Sasaki, Michihito ; Libanda, Brigadier ; Sinkala, Yona ; Fandamu, Paul ; Muleya, Walter ; Banda, Fredrick ; Chizimu, Joseph ; Squarre, David ; Shawa, Misheck ; Qiu, Yongjin ; Harima, Hayato ; Eshita, Yuki ; Simulundu, Edgar ; Sawa, Hirofumi ; Orba, Yasuko
著者名
Chambaro, Herman M.
著者名
Hirose, Kazuyo
e-Rad_Researcher
70609403
著者名
Sasaki, Michihito
著者名
Libanda, Brigadier
著者名
Sinkala, Yona
著者名
Fandamu, Paul
著者名
Muleya, Walter
著者名
Banda, Fredrick
著者名
Chizimu, Joseph
著者名
Squarre, David
著者名
Shawa, Misheck
著者名
Qiu, Yongjin
著者名
Harima, Hayato
著者名
Eshita, Yuki
著者名
Simulundu, Edgar
e-Rad_Researcher
30292006
著者名
Sawa, Hirofumi
e-Rad_Researcher
60507169
著者名
Orba, Yasuko
言語
英語
発行日
2022-06-02
出版者
PLOS
収録物名
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
巻(号)
16(6)
ページ
e0010420
抄録
Rift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease of animals and humans. Although RVF outbreaks are usually reported at 5-15-year intervals in sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia has experienced an unusually long inter-epizootic/-epidemic period of more than three decades. However, serological evidence of RVF virus (RVFV) infection in domestic ruminants during this period underscores the need for comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms of virus perpetuation and disease emergence. Mosquitoes (n = 16,778) captured from eight of the ten provinces of Zambia between April 2014 and May 2019 were pooled (n = 961) and screened for RVFV genome by a pan-phlebo RT-PCR assay. Aedes mosquito pools (n = 85) were further screened by nested RT-PCR assay. Sera from sheep (n = 13), goats (n = 259) and wild ungulates (n = 285) were screened for RVFV antibodies by ELISA while genome detection in pooled sera (n = 276) from domestic (n = 248) and wild ungulates (n = 37) was performed by real-time RT-PCR assay. To examine the association between the long inter-epizootic period and climatic variables, we examined El Nino-Southern Oscillation indices, precipitation anomalies, and normalized difference vegetation index. We then derived RVF risk maps by exploring climatic variables that would favor emergence of primary RVFV vectors. While no RVFV genome could be detected in pooled mosquito and serum samples, seroprevalence was significantly high (OR = 8.13, 95% CI [4.63-14.25]) in wild ungulates (33.7%; 96/285) compared to domestic ruminants (5.6%; 16/272). Retrospective analysis of RVF epizootics in Zambia showed a positive correlation between anomalous precipitation (La Nina) and disease emergence. On risk mapping, whilst northern and eastern parts of the country were at high risk, domestic ruminant population density was low (< 21 animals/km(2)) in these areas compared to low risk areas (>21 animals/km(2)). Besides evidence of silent circulation of RVFV and the risk of disease emergence in some areas, wildlife may play a role in the maintenance of RVFV in Zambia.
資源タイプ
学術雑誌論文
出版タイプ
Version of Record
権利情報
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PISSN
1935-2735
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)
出版社版DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010420