open access

https://doi.org/10.14943/110536

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/92084

ta and Applicative Prefixes that Appear in Ainu Verbs

日本語

昇格

2024-03-20

Japan Association of Northern Language Studies

Northern Language Studies

14

219-231

Ainu verbs have a basic form joined to a prefix or suffix. These linking elements can be divided into three types in terms of their relationship to valence: those that increase the valence of the verb by one, those that decrease the valence of the verb by one, and those that do not increase or decrease the valence of the verb. In this paper, I focused on prefix elements that increase the valence of a verb by one. A well-known prefix element that increases the valence of a verb by one is a prefix that has traditionally been called an “applicative prefix.” Kobayashi (2016) pointed out that ta is another example that functions similarly, and stated that ta is presumed to be related to locative particles. In this paper, we compared applicative prefixes and ta. Although they share the function of increasing the valence of a verb by one, applicative prefixes have a relatively free order of conjugation, whereas ta does not appear at the beginning of words. There are also differences in the types of nouns that are conjugated. When prefixed with an applicative prefix, a variety of nouns appear, but when prefixed with ta, it is limited to positional nouns, secretions, and similar things, and so on. In addition, both have a structure that incorporates a subject, and in this case a phenomenon called promotion occurs.

紀要論文

Version of Record

2185-7121

AA12516968