open access

https://doi.org/10.14943/110527

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/92093

A Contrastive Study on the Auxiliary Verbs -(I)b iy-, -(I)b kal-, and -(I)b koy- in Karachay-Balkar

日本語

意志性

2024-03-20

Japan Association of Northern Language Studies

Northern Language Studies

14

37-49

Karachay-Balkar is a Northwestern Turkic language that is mainly spoken in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in Russia. It is also spoken in some places in Turkey (e.g., Eskişehir) by immigrants from Russia and their descendants. Karachay-Balkar has auxiliary verbs, and this paper conducts contrastive research on auxiliary verbs among -(I)b iy- “lit. converb + to send,” -(I)b kal- “lit. converb + to stay” and -(I)b koy- “lit. converb + to abandon.” Urusbiev (1963) reports that these auxiliaries denote involuntary and unexpected actions. However, the differences among these are not discussed much. Tekuev (1979) described these three auxiliaries differently, but he does not describe them from a comparative perspective and thus does not provide a systematic description. This paper systematically describes the similarities and differences of these auxiliaries and indicates that their main functions are as follows. a. -(I)b iy-: Co-occurs with a volitional verb (transitive verbs are limited to those that have high transitivity) to indicate that the action was completed involuntarily and in a short period of time. (Since it denotes an involuntary action, this construction cannot be used in the volitional form.) b. -(I)b kal-: Mainly co-occurs with a non-volitional intransitive verb to indicate that the action was completed in a short period of time. c. -(I)b koy-: Co-occurs with a transitive verb and volitional intransitive verb to indicate that the action was completed in a short period of time. (Unlike -(I)b iy-, -(I)b koy- can denote a voluntary action, so it can be used in the volitional form, and whether (I)b koy- denotes an involuntary action or not depends on the lexical meanings of the main verb and the context.)

紀要論文

Version of Record

2185-7121

AA12516968