中国・遼寧省における生乳生産・販売構造の変遷とその規定要因

Raw milk production and marketing

北海道大学農經論叢

This paper clarifies changes in raw milk production and marketing in Liaoning Province, China, and the factors behind these changes. Liaoning Province is characterized as a suburban dairy area. The transition of milk production and marketing of dairy producers can be categorized into four types: directly managed farms, contract farms, own-processing farms, and farms with direct-to-consumer sales. The first two types are large-scale operations that sell raw milk to dairy manufacturers, while the latter two types are medium- and smallscale farming that obtain high milk prices through own-processing and direct sales of raw milk. The structure of milk production and marketing in Liaoning Province has evolved through two routes. One route leads to intensive, modern, large-scale farming, and the other route leads to small- and medium-scale farming that sells directly to consumers. The transition to large-scale farming has been defined by the improvement of management standards by dairy manufacturers following the melamine incident, a factor common to all dairy farms in China. On the other hand, the transition to small- and medium-scale farming has been defined by a sales environment favorable to direct sales, which is conditioned by the large consumption population in a suburban area and consumer preference for direct purchase from dairy farmers, after the termination of contracts with dairy manufacturers due to the above factors. The latter factor is unique to suburban dairy areas. This suggests that there is room for a variety of dairy farming, including small- and medium-scale farms, not only in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region but also in peri-urban dairy farming areas, such as Liaoning Province. The dual structure of large and small-scale operations coexisting may remain in effect for a certain period.