open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/93789

Urban spatial heterogeneity shapes the evolution of an antiherbivore defense trait and its genes in white clover

英語

white clover

2023-12-19

John Wiley & Sons

Oikos

2024(2)

e10210

Urbanization is a global threat to biodiversity due to its large impact on environmental changes. Recently, urban environmental change has been shown to impact the evolution of many species. However, much remains unknown about how urban environments influence evolutionary processes and outcomes due to the non-linearity and discontinuity of environmental variables along urban-rural gradients. Here, we focused on the evolution of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and its components (presence/absence of cyanogenic glycosides and the hydrolytic enzyme linamarase) in the herbaceous plant white clover Trifolium repens, which thrive in both urban and rural areas. To comprehensively elucidate how plants evolve and adapt to heterogenous urban environments, we collected 3299 white clover plants from 122 populations throughout Sapporo, Japan. We examined the spatial variation in environmental factors, such as herbivory, sky openness, impervious surface cover, snow depth, and temperature, and how variation in these factors was related to the production of HCN, cyanogenic glycosides, and linamarase. Environmental factors showed complex spatial variation due to the heterogeneity of the urban landscape. Among these factors, herbivory, sky openness, and impervious surface cover were highly related to the frequency of plants producing HCN in populations. We also found that impervious surface cover was related to the frequency of plants producing cyanogenic glycosides, while herbivory pressure was not. As a result, the cyanogenic glycoside frequency showed a clearer trend along urban-rural gradient rather than HCN frequency, and thus, the predicted spatial distributions of HCN and cyanogenic glycosides were inconsistent. These results suggest that urban landscape heterogeneity and trait multifunctionality determines mosaic-like spatial distribution of evolutionary traits.

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomoki Ishiguro, Marc T. J. Johnson, Shunsuke Utsumi. Urban spatial heterogeneity shapes the evolution of an antiherbivore defense trait and its genes in white clover, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10210. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

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