open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/95585

Morphology of the pterothoracic musculature in Paraneoptera and its phylogenetic implication (Insecta : Neoptera)

英語

mu CT

2024-05-27

John Wiley & Sons

Journal of morphology

285(6)

e21712

Although the monophyly of Paraneoptera (=hemipteroid orders or Acercaria, composed of Psocodea, Thysanoptera and Hemiptera) has been widely accepted morphologically, the results from molecular phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses contradict this hypothesis. In particular, phylogenomic analyses provide strong bootstrap support for the sister group relationship between Psocodea and Holometabola, that is, paraphyly of Paraneoptera. Here, we examined the pterothoracic musculature of Paraneoptera, as well as a wide range of other neopterous insect orders, and analysed its phylogenetic implication. By using the synchrotron microcomputed tomography (mu CT) and parsimony-based ancestral state reconstruction, several apomorphic conditions suggesting the monophyly of Paraneoptera, such as the absence of the II/IIItpm7, IIscm3, IIIspm2 and IIIscm3 muscles, were identified. In contrast, no characters supporting Psocodea + Holometabola were recovered from the thoracic muscles. These results provide additional support for the monophyly of Paraneoptera, together with the previously detected morphological apomorphies of the head, wing base, and abdomen. Using synchrotron microcomputed tomography, several apomorphic conditions suggesting the monophyly of Paraneoptera were identified from the pterothoracic muscles, such as the absence of the II/IIItpm7, IIscm3, IIIspm2 and IIIscm3 muscles. In contrast, no characters supporting Psocodea + Holometabola, as suggested by phylogenomic analyses, were recovered. These results provide additional support for the monophyly of Paraneoptera. image

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Kawata, A., Ogawa, N., & Yoshizawa, K. (2024). Morphology of the pterothoracic musculature in Paraneoptera and its phylogenetic implication (Insecta: Neoptera). Journal of Morphology, 285, e21712, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21712. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

0362-2525