open access

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/98013

Wing base morphology supports paraphyly of Papilionoidea s.s. (Lepidoptera)

英語

skipper

2025

John Wiley & Sons

Entomological science

28(3)

Traditionally, skippers (Hesperiidae) and moth-like butterflies (Hedylidae) were classified in separate superfamilies outside the butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea sensu stricto. However, recent molecular phylogenies including phylogenomics placed the swallowtails (family Papilionidae) as the sister group to all other butterflies, including skippers and moth-like butterflies, making the traditionally recognized Papilionoidea s.s. paraphyletic. However, no morphological studies have supported this relationship to date. Here, we conducted a cladistic analysis based on wing base characters to evaluate these competing systematic hypotheses. Our results support a sister-group relationship between skippers and moth-like butterflies and their inclusion within Papilionoidea sensu lato, consistent with molecular-based phylogenies. In contrast, the wing base morphology suggests the monophyly of Pieridae + Riodinidae + Lycaenidae, a result that contradicts both molecular and other morphological evidence, highlighting the potential limitations of this character system. Based on our morphological examinations and ancestral state reconstruction, we propose a hypothetical ground plan for the butterfly wing base.

学術雑誌論文

Accepted Manuscript

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Entomological science. 28(3) e12609 2025, which has been published in final form at https://10.1111/ens.12609. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

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