school bullying

北海道大学大学院教育学研究院附属子ども発達臨床研究センター

子ども発達臨床研究

The present study developed and psychometrically evaluated the Perceived Changes in Well-Being Scale based on prior research to measure the lingering effects of bullying victimization among Japanese school students using Item Response Theory. Exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure comprising physical symptoms, emotional distress, and psychosocial withdrawal. Bifactor modeling further revealed a dominant general factor alongside three specific factors, supporting the adequacy of unidimensional IRT estimation. The results of Graded Response Model indicated that physical symptoms emerged at relatively low levels of psychological harm, suggesting their potential as early indicators of victimization, whereas perceived deterioration in relationships with teachers and parents was only endorsed under conditions of severe victimization. These findings offer an empirically grounded account of the sequential ordering of lingering effects as bullying victimization severity increases.