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韓国の代案教育運動の生成展開過程とその性格 : 1980年代から1990年代の教育運動に着目して
宋, 美蘭
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/68817
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/rcccd.11.11
KEYWORDS : 代案教育運動;新しい教育・社会変革;代案学校;代替的な教育;韓国;alternative education movement;South Korea;alternative new educational society;korea
Abstract
本稿は韓国の代案教育運動の生成展開過程を1980年代からの教育運動の文脈の中に照らしながら、そこから1990年代に新しい運動として生成された代案教育運動のその性格について明らかにしたものである。その結果、1980年代には、人間の分断を非人間化の教育的イデオロギーに対して、真っ向に向き合った現場の教師の存在があった。彼らは西洋の批判書の影響を受けながら現存の学校教育に対する拒否と抵抗を具体的な実践として展開した。1980年代の教育運動を探る中で、最も特徴的だったのは、学校周縁・外側で多様な教育主体、とりわけ3つの異なるグループの存在が浮き彫りになったことであり、これらのグループは単なる学校批判にとどまらず、新しい代替的な社会・学校・教育を構想し変革を描いていたことをも明らかとなった。そしてまた、こうした1980年代の運動がのちに1990年代の教育運動の基盤となり、「代案教育」という名もとで運動の原動力を生み出したことが浮上した。したがって、韓国の代案教育運動の生成展開過程は全く新しいものから芽生えたものではなく既存の運動が分散・連帯しながら生成されてきた特徴を持ち、またその性格の色濃さは運動主体の特色と社会的連帯を形成するその方法に他の教育運動とは異なる特徴を持っているといえよう。
This paper reviews the evolution and characteristics of the 'alternative education movement', which attracted great attention in South Korean media and society in the 1980s and 1990s. The research presents three major findings. First, the alternative education movement in the 1980s emerged from new organizational systems and ideologies. It aspired to be anti-authoritative, rejected power centralization and bureaucracy, and sought to secure the liberty of individuals. And It emphasized self-change through direct participation and changes in values and ways of life. Second, the alternative education movement developed in the mid-1990s to place emphasis on personality development. Alternative education focused on practical education rather than academic exercises. Third, the alternative education movement recognizes the inconsistent problems of current institutional education which need to be solved and approaches the public rationally to develop practical strategies to build an alternative new educational society. With over 20 years of experience in alternative education, this will guide how the Korean alternative education system should respond to the worldwide crisis in education. Also, the efforts for building an ideal education system in the current crisis should be highly valued.
This paper reviews the evolution and characteristics of the 'alternative education movement', which attracted great attention in South Korean media and society in the 1980s and 1990s. The research presents three major findings. First, the alternative education movement in the 1980s emerged from new organizational systems and ideologies. It aspired to be anti-authoritative, rejected power centralization and bureaucracy, and sought to secure the liberty of individuals. And It emphasized self-change through direct participation and changes in values and ways of life. Second, the alternative education movement developed in the mid-1990s to place emphasis on personality development. Alternative education focused on practical education rather than academic exercises. Third, the alternative education movement recognizes the inconsistent problems of current institutional education which need to be solved and approaches the public rationally to develop practical strategies to build an alternative new educational society. With over 20 years of experience in alternative education, this will guide how the Korean alternative education system should respond to the worldwide crisis in education. Also, the efforts for building an ideal education system in the current crisis should be highly valued.
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