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長野県岡谷市中島B遺跡出土尖頭器における剥離方法の同定
髙倉, 純
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/87914
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/105603
Abstract
本稿では、晩氷期の隆起線文土器に伴う尖頭器が出土している長野県岡谷市中島 B 遺跡の資料を検討対象として、①尖頭器製作には押圧剥離法が適用されていたのか、②素材からの尖頭器の製作過程で、異なる剥離方法への転換はどのように起こっていたのか、③「未製品」と報告されている資料にはどのような剥離方法が適用されているのか、についての解明を目的として、フラクチャー・ウィングの分析にもとづいた剥離方法の同定を試みた。分析対象としたのは、黒曜石製の尖頭器およびその「未製品」の計8点である。分析により、以下の結果が得られた。①尖頭器は押圧剥離法によって仕上げられていた。②間接打撃法もしくは軟質剥離具による直接打撃法から押圧剥離法への転換が剥離過程において起こっていた。③「未製品」は間接打撃法もしくは軟質剥離具による直接打撃法によって板状の原石からの剥離が進められていた。尖頭器製作に押圧剥離法が適用されるようになるのは、神子柴遺跡での剥離方法の同定分析の結果もふまえると、少なくとも隆起線文の段階からである可能性が確認された。隆起線文の段階における尖頭器の「未製品」認定には剥離方法の同定が重要な示唆を与える可能性を指摘した。
From the Last Glacial Maximum to the Late Glacial, the lithic assemblages with various bifacial points occurred in the Japanese islands. To date, many researchers have focused on techno-typological classifications, chronologies, and cultural lineages of these lithic assemblages with bifacial points. However, the knapping methods and techniques for producing those bifacial points have not been fully considered in such debate. To examine a reliable temporal transformation of bifacial reduction technology, this paper attempts to present more improved identification of bifacial point knapping techniques by dealing with the analysis of fracture wings which are the reliable indicators of the crack velocity. Here, my focus is on identification of obsidian bifacial point knapping techniques during the Late Glacial at the Nakajima-B site in Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. Numerous bifacial points and their preforms, stone axes, associating with linear relief pottery, were obtained from this site. The results of fracture wing analysis show that the early reduction phase of bifacial points from unmodified natural forms such as angular pieces at the Nakajima-B site was employed by indirect percussion or direct percussion using organic hammers. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the late reduction phase was characterized by pressure knapping technique. Fracture wing analysis for identification of knapping techniques quantitatively verified can provide appropriate criteria for distinguishing preforms of bifacial points from the end of the shaping sequence from a technological perspective.
From the Last Glacial Maximum to the Late Glacial, the lithic assemblages with various bifacial points occurred in the Japanese islands. To date, many researchers have focused on techno-typological classifications, chronologies, and cultural lineages of these lithic assemblages with bifacial points. However, the knapping methods and techniques for producing those bifacial points have not been fully considered in such debate. To examine a reliable temporal transformation of bifacial reduction technology, this paper attempts to present more improved identification of bifacial point knapping techniques by dealing with the analysis of fracture wings which are the reliable indicators of the crack velocity. Here, my focus is on identification of obsidian bifacial point knapping techniques during the Late Glacial at the Nakajima-B site in Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. Numerous bifacial points and their preforms, stone axes, associating with linear relief pottery, were obtained from this site. The results of fracture wing analysis show that the early reduction phase of bifacial points from unmodified natural forms such as angular pieces at the Nakajima-B site was employed by indirect percussion or direct percussion using organic hammers. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the late reduction phase was characterized by pressure knapping technique. Fracture wing analysis for identification of knapping techniques quantitatively verified can provide appropriate criteria for distinguishing preforms of bifacial points from the end of the shaping sequence from a technological perspective.
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