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イーゴル・クループニック、 アロン・L・クローウェル編 『極北のクラッシュ : 変化する北方域における人類と動物』
高瀬, 克範
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/87918
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/105604
Abstract
高緯度地域の考古学や生態学的なアプローチをとる人類誌研究にとって、ここ数年でもっとも注目される論文集のひとつが刊行された。極北では、生物が短期間のうちに激減するクラッシュとよばれる現象が頻繁に生じることが知られている。本書は、このクラッシュが人類社会にあたえた影響を、考古学をふくむ多方面の方法・視点から考察した25章、555ページにおよぶ大部のハードカバーである。 極北考古学の一里塚であるだけでなく、今後の日本・北海道考古学にとっても参考になる視点や方法が多数含まれていることからその概要を紹介し、現時点で考えうる意義についてコメントを残しておきたい。
This book is the outcome of a Smithsonian Institution's collaborative research project titled as “Arctic people and animal crashes: human, climate and habitat agency in the Anthropocene" conducted from 2014 to 2016. Twenty-five papers contained in the book address the influence of crash, a sudden and large-scale decline of animal and plant population, to human beings in the Arctic and Subarctic using methodologies of archaeology, cultural anthropology, biology, ecology as well as indigenous perspectives. Through examinations of crash of caribou, sea mammal, and fish, this book reveals actual situations of crash, social change caused by a resource decrease, human impact to various spices, and the importance of observations by the indigenous peoples for better understanding of animal resources. This book is also suggestive for Japanese archaeology because they include several viewpoints disregarded in Japan. First, crash should be taken into account in archaeology, whereas relatively stable resource distribution has been presupposed in Japanese archaeology. Second, archaeologists should deal with animal and plant resources in order to approach to the relationship between human beings and natural environment although change in temperature and human population have drawn great attention in Japan. Third, archaeological materials can be studied for restoring not only history of human beings, but history of animals and plants. Finally, the oceanographic processes, a long-term change in animal behavior, phylogenetic analyses to reveal the past bottleneck of animal populations should be also actively introduced in future studies.
This book is the outcome of a Smithsonian Institution's collaborative research project titled as “Arctic people and animal crashes: human, climate and habitat agency in the Anthropocene" conducted from 2014 to 2016. Twenty-five papers contained in the book address the influence of crash, a sudden and large-scale decline of animal and plant population, to human beings in the Arctic and Subarctic using methodologies of archaeology, cultural anthropology, biology, ecology as well as indigenous perspectives. Through examinations of crash of caribou, sea mammal, and fish, this book reveals actual situations of crash, social change caused by a resource decrease, human impact to various spices, and the importance of observations by the indigenous peoples for better understanding of animal resources. This book is also suggestive for Japanese archaeology because they include several viewpoints disregarded in Japan. First, crash should be taken into account in archaeology, whereas relatively stable resource distribution has been presupposed in Japanese archaeology. Second, archaeologists should deal with animal and plant resources in order to approach to the relationship between human beings and natural environment although change in temperature and human population have drawn great attention in Japan. Third, archaeological materials can be studied for restoring not only history of human beings, but history of animals and plants. Finally, the oceanographic processes, a long-term change in animal behavior, phylogenetic analyses to reveal the past bottleneck of animal populations should be also actively introduced in future studies.
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