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「体験としての自閉症スペクトラム障害」という視点の検討 : 成人当事者が抱える自己との関連から
木谷, 岐子
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/64073
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.127.9
KEYWORDS : 自閉症スペクトラム障害;内的体験;自己;成人;autism spectrum disorder;internal experience;self;adulthood
Abstract
本論文では，自閉症スペクトラム障害（ASD）当事者が周囲の環境と共に，いかなる内的体験をしているのか，このことを「体験としてのASD」と表現し，理論的に検討する。先行する，杉山（1992，1994），小林（1999，2000），浜田（1992）らの理論仮説や実践を概観し，知的な遅れを伴わないASDの成人当事者が抱える自己の問題に着目した。また，自己の領域にアプローチした，先行する調査研究について概観した。その結果，数量的研究や横断的研究では，「あれこれの思いをもって今を生きる」（鯨岡，2007）一人の人の全体像を捉えることが難しいという課題が残されていることがわかった。今後の課題として，独白の形で綴られた手記の分析を超え，「全身活動的」（森岡，2002）な共同行為としての対話を通し，身体性と共に，彼らの抱える自己の様相を描出していく必要性を述べた。
In this study, I used a theoretical approach to investigate whether persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder（ASD）have any inward experiences triggered by the surrounding environment, and expressed these as“experiences of persons with ASD.”I begin by summarizing previous theoretical hypotheses and practical studies published by Sugiyama （1992, 1994）, Kobayashi （1999, 2000）, and Hamada et. al. （1992）, while focusing on problems that adults with ASD（not accompanied by intellectual delay）have with‘self’. Next, I summarized experimental studies that utilized an approach from the psychological field pertaining to self. My results revealed that a major drawback of quantitative and cross-sectional studies is that it is difficult to understand the overall perspective of such individuals due to ambiguous statements such as“I live while thinking about various things”（Kujiraoka, 2007）. Future studies are required to go beyond analyzing notes written in the form of a monologue, and extract not only the image persons have of themselves, but also their physical nature using joint action based on “active use of the whole body”（Morioka, 2002） in the form of dialogue.
In this study, I used a theoretical approach to investigate whether persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder（ASD）have any inward experiences triggered by the surrounding environment, and expressed these as“experiences of persons with ASD.”I begin by summarizing previous theoretical hypotheses and practical studies published by Sugiyama （1992, 1994）, Kobayashi （1999, 2000）, and Hamada et. al. （1992）, while focusing on problems that adults with ASD（not accompanied by intellectual delay）have with‘self’. Next, I summarized experimental studies that utilized an approach from the psychological field pertaining to self. My results revealed that a major drawback of quantitative and cross-sectional studies is that it is difficult to understand the overall perspective of such individuals due to ambiguous statements such as“I live while thinking about various things”（Kujiraoka, 2007）. Future studies are required to go beyond analyzing notes written in the form of a monologue, and extract not only the image persons have of themselves, but also their physical nature using joint action based on “active use of the whole body”（Morioka, 2002） in the form of dialogue.
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