Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/66771

JaLCDOI : 10.14943/b.edu.128.67

KEYWORDS : 学童集団疎開;無医村;女子医学専門学校生徒;水上小学校;加藤淑子;evacuation of elementary school children;doctorless area;women's medical college students;SUIJYO elementary school;Yoshiko KATOH

政府は，1944年７月22日，東京都・横浜市など13都市の国民学校児童約40万人を集団疎開させるよう決定した。学童集団疎開を円滑に遂行するうえで，宿舎・食糧・日常生活用品の確保などともに，保健衛生問題は重要な課題であった。そして，1944年10月26日現在，東京都（区部）・横浜市など８都市から1,751市町村に集団疎開していた児童35万4,937人のうち，５万2,006人（14.65％）の疎開先354ヵ所（20.22％）は無医村であったが故に，疎開児童の医療問題はたちどころに困難な課題として立ち現れた。文部省・厚生省は疎開先都府県医師会・歯科医師会に無医村診療への協力を要請するとともに，集団疎開先無医村に東京女子医学専門学校（現東京女子医科大学）・帝国女子医学薬学専門学校（現東邦大学）の生徒を，東京都・神奈川県からの学童集団疎開先無医村46ヵ所へ動員した。　本論文は，以下の諸点を究明しつつ，学童集団疎開先無医村へ出動した女子医学専門学校生徒は，疎開児童・地域住民にとって紛う事なき医師であったことを証する。（１）学童集団疎開先無医村の医療状況と政府・都府県の対応策（２）女子医学専門学校「学徒医療隊」の学童集団疎開先無医村への動員計画（３）女子医学専門学校「学徒医療隊」の学童集団疎開先無医村への動員（４）女子医学専門学校「学徒医療隊」の学童集団疎開先無医村における「診療補助・健康指導」の実態
The Japanese government ordered 400,000 children of national elementary school to collectively evacuate from 13 cities including Tokyo and Yokohama on July 22, 1944. In order to smoothly carry out evacuation of elementary school children, the health and sanitation problems were important issues, such as securing lodging, food and daily necessities. As of October 26, 1944, 354, 937 children were evacuated from 8 cities including Tokyo and Yokohama to 1,751 municipalities. Among them, 52,006 ( 14.65%) children were evacuated to 354 municipalities ( 20.22%), which were doctorless area. Therefore medical problems of evacuated children emerged as a difficult task at once. For evacuated children in doctorless area, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Welfare asked the Medical Association and the Dental Association for cooperation of medical treatment. At the same time, they mobilized the students of the Tokyo Women's Medical College (present Tokyo Women's Medical University) and the Imperial Women's Medical and Pharmaceutical College (present Toho University) as“Medical Corps of Students”to 46 doctorless area. While studying the following points, this paper prove that the mobilized students of the Tokyo Women's Medical College and the Imperial Women's Medical and Pharmaceutical College were doctors without confusion for evacuated children and local residents in doctorless area. (1) The medical issues in doctorless area where children evacuated and the countermeasures taken by the government and the prefecture against them (2) The mobilization planning of“Medical Corps of Students”to doctorless area where children evacuated (3) The mobilization situation of“Medical Corps of Students”in doctorless area where children evacuated (4) The actual condition of“medical assistance and health guidance”by“Medical Corps of Students”in doctorless area where children evacuated