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水田群落微気象モデルの概要と農学分野への応用
桑形, 恒男;伊川, 浩樹;丸山, 篤志;小野, 圭介;吉本, 真由美;石田, 祐宣;渡辺, 力
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/74000
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/lowtemsci.77.125
KEYWORDS : 作物―大気相互作用;蒸発散;水田微気象;地表面熱収支;作物生産環境;Crop-atmosphere interaction;Evapotranspiration;Micro-meteorology of rice paddy;Land surface heat balance;Crop production environment
Abstract
本報告では水田群落-大気間の運動量・熱・物質輸送と群落微気象環境を物理的な理論に基づき再現する，「水田群落微気象モデル」の概要について説明し，農学分野での応用例について簡単に紹介する．はじめにモデルの構造と基本式について解説した上で，水田微気象を特徴付けるモデル中の重要なパラメータについて説明する．次に農学分野への応用として，イネの生育や稔実に影響を与える地温や水田水温の評価，コメ品質ならびに高温不稔の発生に影響を及ぼす穂温の推定に加え，イネの生育期間を通した蒸発散量の推移や，収量と直接関係した群落光合成の評価例について，将来の高大気CO2濃度環境に対する影響評価を含めて紹介する．
We introduce the outline of the micro-climate model for a rice paddy field, which simulates the physical processes of momentum, heat and substances (such as H2O and CO2) exchanges between rice crop canopy and atmosphere and micro-meteorological conditions in the canopy. First, the structure of the model is explained, and the set of equations are described. We also explain the several model parameters which play important roles in the exchange processes between the rice crop canopy and the atmosphere and the micro-meteorology in the canopy. The model is useful not only for agro-environment studies, but also for agricultural practices, through the estimations of agro-environmental conditions in the rice paddy field, such as paddy water and soil temperatures, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and leaf and panicle temperatures of rice crop.
We introduce the outline of the micro-climate model for a rice paddy field, which simulates the physical processes of momentum, heat and substances (such as H2O and CO2) exchanges between rice crop canopy and atmosphere and micro-meteorological conditions in the canopy. First, the structure of the model is explained, and the set of equations are described. We also explain the several model parameters which play important roles in the exchange processes between the rice crop canopy and the atmosphere and the micro-meteorology in the canopy. The model is useful not only for agro-environment studies, but also for agricultural practices, through the estimations of agro-environmental conditions in the rice paddy field, such as paddy water and soil temperatures, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and leaf and panicle temperatures of rice crop.
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