open access

https://doi.org/10.14943/doctoral.k9483

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/45687

マウスにおけるセンダイウイルス感染に対する宿主応答の病因を特徴づける遺伝学的解析とトランスクリプトームプロファイル

英語

2010-03-25

Hokkaido University

102 p.

Sendai virus (SeV) was discovered in Japan in 1953. It was isolated in the Tohoku UniversityHospital from a newborn patient presenting pneumonia syndromes. SeV is also referred to as murineparainfluenza type I virus as it was found to infect respiratory tract of mice and causes pneumonia whichspreads to uninfected animals. SeV is currently an important respiratory pathogen of laboratory rodents,causing epidemics with high mortality during the acute phase. It is extremely contagious andtransmission occurs via contact and aerosol infection of the respiratory tract. SeV is an envelopednon-segmented negative stranded RNA virus (NNV) of the Paramyxoviridae family, subfamilyParamyxovirinae and genus Paramyxovirus (or Respirovirus). The scientific community also considersSeV as the archetype organism of the Paramyxoviridae family because most of the basic biochemical,molecular and biologic properties of the whole family were derived from its own characteristics.Therefore, it is considered to be a good model for the study of the Paramyxoviridae family because itincludes significant human pathogens of infants and children, such as Mumps virus (MV), Measles virus(MeV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Nipah virus (Chanock, 2001). Some of these viruses arestill importantly prevalent in developing countries (e.g. MeV still causes million deaths/year) and withothers which have only recently emerged. Thus, studies on SeV can offer important information forunderstanding of the molecular mechanisms of this virus family and consequently offer better treatmentand control strategies.The Paramyxoviridae family along with the Rhabdoviridae, the Filoviridae and theBornaviridae families, are all part of the Mononegalvirales order. It is subdivided into two subfamilies:the Paramyxovirinae containing the Respiro-, the Rubula-, the Morbilli-, the Avula- and theHenipa-viruses; and the Pneumovirinae, containing the Pneumo- and the Metapneumo-viruses.Emergence of new paramyxoviruses, such as Hendra and Nipah, causing respiratory and neurologicaldisease in pigs and humans, has been observed recently. The classification of these different viruses isbased on morphologic criteria, the organization of the genome, the biological activities of the proteins,and the sequence relationship of the encoded proteins (Table 1.1). The Mononegalviruses share anumber of fundamental characteristics: (1) Their genome is a single negative stranded RNA, packaged ina helical nucleocapsid (NC); (2) nucleocapsids are enclosed within an envelope derived from the plasmamembrane of the cell; (3) a virus-coded RNA polymerase packaged in the virion synthesizes the viralmRNAs by transcribing the RNA as part of the intact NC after it enters the cell; (4) the RNA polymerasebegins transcribing at the 3’end of the genome RNA and sequentially transcribes 5-10 genes, terminatingand releasing each mRNA before starting the next one.

2010-03-25

甲第9483号

博士(獣医学)

博士論文

Version of Record