open access

https://doi.org/10.14943/88219

https://hdl.handle.net/2115/73729

On the Chukchi causative : correlation between the difference in degree of causation and morphosyntactic behavior

日本語

逆受動

2019-03-15

Japan Association of Northern Language Studies

Northern Language Studies

9

1-12

In this paper, we shall focus on the different ways the causative is formed in the Chukchi language and analyze the meanings and functions that represent the morphosyntactic behavior of each variation of the causative. In Chukchi, according to the type of affix used to derive the causative verb, there will be a resulting meaning indicating that there is either respect for the will of the subject or a sense of "compulsion" and ignoring of the will of the subject. The morphological causative can be formed transitively or intransitively by affixing the circumfixes r-...-et/-at, r-...-ew/-aw, r-...-ŋet/-ŋat. The degree of the causative verb derived by adding these affixes is neutral. The analytic causative construction involves the combination of the causative suffix -jɣut/-jɣot to the main verb ant using the auxiliary verb rət. The causative verb derived from the addition of -jɣut/-jɣot to an intransitive verb stem implies compulsion. The causative can also be formed with the circumfix te-...-ŋ which has a lexical meaning ‘to make’, but is etymologically unrelated to the free-standing verb (e.g. te-li-ŋ‘to make mittens’, te-kʔeli-ŋ ‘to make a cap’. The use of this circumfix as a causative marker is semantically parallel to the English analytic causative ‘make’ and French ‘faire’. However, this circumfix cannot be directly affixed to a transitive verb stem. te-…-ŋ must be added after the transitive prefix r- is first added to the intransitive verb stem (e.g. wakʔo ‘sit down’ vs. te-r-wakʔo-ŋ ‘make to sit down’, jlqet ‘sleep’ vs. te-r-jlqet-ŋ ‘make to sit down’. It is interesting to note that the antipassive marker ine-/ena- and the causative marker te-…-ŋ are affixed to the intransitive verb stem. This antipassive functions causatively but is not as strong as the normal causative.

紀要論文

Version of Record

2185-7121

AA12516968