FONT SIZE:
哺乳類の寒冷適応における褐色脂肪組織の役割
加藤(鈴木), 美羅;岡松, 優子
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/89110
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/lowtemsci.81.99
KEYWORDS : 褐色脂肪;寒冷適応;熱産生;脱共役タンパク質1;Brown adipose tissue;cold adaptation;Thermogenesis;UCP1
Abstract
哺乳類には，白色と褐色の2種類の脂肪組織が存在する．白色脂肪組織はエネルギーを中性脂肪として貯蔵する役割を担うのに対し，褐色脂肪組織はミトコンドリアの脱共役タンパク質1（UCP1）により熱を産生する非震え熱産生の部位である．哺乳類は寒冷刺激を受けると交感神経を介して褐色脂肪組織の熱産生を活性化し，体温の低下を防ぐ．寒冷刺激が長期に渡ると褐色脂肪組織が増生するとともに，白色脂肪組織中にUCP1を発現するベージュ脂肪細胞が誘導され（白色脂肪の褐色化），個体レベルの熱産生能が増大して寒冷環境に適応する．本稿では，寒冷適応における脂肪組織の変化とその分子機序を概説するとともに，動物種による褐色脂肪組織の発達や機能の違いについて紹介する．
Brown adipose tissue is a site for non-shivering thermogenesis by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Cold stimulation activates heat production in brown adipose tissue via the sympathetic nervous system, preventing a decrease in body temperature. Prolonged cold stimulation causes the hyperplasia of brown adipose tissue, and induces UCP1-expressing beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue. This remodeling of adipose tissues increases the thermogenic capacity at the individual level and improves adaptation to the cold environment. In this section, the molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue remodeling during cold adaptation and species-dependent differences in the development and the function of brown adipose tissue in mammals are discussed.
Brown adipose tissue is a site for non-shivering thermogenesis by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Cold stimulation activates heat production in brown adipose tissue via the sympathetic nervous system, preventing a decrease in body temperature. Prolonged cold stimulation causes the hyperplasia of brown adipose tissue, and induces UCP1-expressing beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue. This remodeling of adipose tissues increases the thermogenic capacity at the individual level and improves adaptation to the cold environment. In this section, the molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue remodeling during cold adaptation and species-dependent differences in the development and the function of brown adipose tissue in mammals are discussed.
FULL TEXT:PDF